Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Role in Regeneration of Cleft Alveolus in Dogs

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the regeneration of surgically createdcleft alveolus in dogs. Methods: Split mouth experimental study was performed on twelve healthy mongrel dogs. The dogswere divided into two groups (A and B): Ingroup A, the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with AT-MSCs,scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). Ingroup B, the surgically created alveoluswas transplanted with BM-MSCs, scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). In thecontrol side (left side of the maxilla), the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with scaffold and growth factors only.The flaps were replaced and sutured with resorbable sutures. Bone regeneration was evaluated clinically andradiographically after 1.5 and 3 months following dogs’ scarification. The data were evaluated with descriptive and t-testmethods (p=0.05). Results: Stem cells whether AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs accelerate the healing and regeneration of thedefected area by increasing the bone width and surface area; providing the bone quantity and quality as early as 1.5 and 3months. Conclusions: AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs are attractive tools in bone regeneration. AT-MSCs in experimental studiesshowed that their effectiveness is comparable to BM-MSCs, in addition to its low cost, ease of harvesting and saferprocedure to obtain stem cells as well as less risk of infection.

Urinary continence after orthotopic urinary diversion

To assess, in a retrospective study, urinary continence after radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion using two types of neobladder [sigmoid and ileal neobladder] at the Urology Department of Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Over an 8-year period, radical cystectomy followed by orthotopic urinary diversion in the form of W-ileal or sigmoid neobladder was performed in 223 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma. Only 150 patients who survived for one year after surgery were included in this study. The voiding pattern, diurnal and nocturnal frequency of micturition and the continence rates were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Urodynamic assessment was done for 70 continent patients and all patients with diurnal and nocturnal incontinence. The mean follow-up was 23 +/- 3 [range 12-43] months. A sigmoid neobladder was created in 92 [61.3%] and a W-ileal neobladder in 58 [38.7%] patients. Diurnal continence was experienced by 87 patients [94.6%] and 54 patients [93.1%] with sigmoid and W-ileal pouches, respectively. The overall rate of nocturnal enuresis was 34.7% [52 patients]; 20.7% [31 patients] after sigmoid pouch and 14% [21 patients] after W-ileal pouch. Both sigmoid and W-ileal pouch provide good diurnal and satisfactory nocturnal continence rates. As for urinary continence, no significant difference between the two types of neobladder was detected clinically or by urodynamic studies

Modified O'Connor's technique in management of vesicovaginal fistula: early experience

To evaluate the outcome of the newly introduced modification of O'Connor's technique in management of supra-trigonal vesico-vaginal fistula after complicated cesarean section. Fifteen female patients [12 primary and 3 recurrent] underwent modified O'Connor's surgical repair of supra-trigonal vesico-vaginal fistula after 3- months of complicated cesarean section in the last 2-years. Modified O'Connor's technique was introduced in 2006, and it consisted of trans-peritoneal approach of the bladder fistula with no need for retropubic dissection. Two stay sutures are taken then a sagittal or parasagittal incision of the bladder is performed that allowed a use of bladder rotation flaps instead of midline closure, using single layer continuous closely placed inter-locking stitches for bladder wall and vaginal approximation with interposition of omentum as a vascularized flap. Their mean age was 32.4 years [range 25-40 years] and the mean follow up was 27 months [6-48 months]. The mean fistula size was 3.1 cm [range 1.2-4.3]. The mean operative time was 97 minutes [range 75-115], urethral catheter was removed 15 days after surgery except in 2 cases who needed longer catheter drainage, suprapubic catheter removed 2 days later after confirmation of no urinary leakage by low pressure cystogram. No blood transfusion for any except the first case who received two units of packed RBCs. All patients except one were dry after 2-3 weeks of the procedure, one patient [of the 3 recurrent fistulae] developed recurrence and scheduled for reoperation after 6-months. Modified O'Connor's repair of supra-trigonal fistulae is safe and effective technique. It minimizes tissue trauma with shorter bladder incision. It allowed surgeon to do sagittal or parasagittal incision according to the site and size of the fistula with the use of bladder rotational flaps

Mainz pouch in technique is it a low pressure reservoir

This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term urodynamic results of mainz pouch II procedure. Between July 1993 and Oct. 2005, a Mainz Pouch II was used as urinary diversion after radical cystectomy due to invasive [T2-T3] bladder carcinoma. Goodwin-Hohenfellner uretero-intestinal anastomosis was done in all patients. The study included 45 males and 15 females with a mean age of 53.8 years old [range 36-73 years]. All patients were evaluated and followed up from 12-65 months [mean 32+3 months] according to a pertinent protocol. Day-and-night time continence was experienced by 100% and 95.7% of patients, respectively. The remaining 3 patients reported nocturnal enuresis with minimal soiling of the underwear during the night and used sanitary pad. The mean voiding frequency was five times during the day and once at night. The mean intra-pouch pressure 6-months after the procedure was 20.5 + 0.7 cm H20 and at 24 months 20.1 + 0.9 cm H20. We can conclude that Mainz pouch II is a simple, reliable of flow pressure reservoir that succeeded in giving better continence rate and long-term preservation of the upper urinary tract

L-Alanine transaminase activities in some actinomycetes I- L- Alanine- glycine and L-alanine- glutamate transaminases of Streptomyces nitrosporeus

Cell-free extracts of some actinomycetes were found to contain some transaminases enzymes. Streptomyces nitrosporeus was selected as the most inducer for L-alanine-glycine and L-alanine glutamate transaminases. The first enzyme catalyzes the formation of pyruvate and lycine from L-alanine and glyoxylate, while the second enzyme catalyzes the formation of pyruvate and L-glutamate from L-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate. The reversibility of the two reactions was demonstrated. The optimum activity of the first enzyme occurred at pH 7.5, while that of the second enzyme occurred at pH 8.0. The optimum temperature of the two enzymes was 40C. The temperature activity profiles and heat inactivation kinetics of the two enzymes were different, so the two reactions seem catalyzing by two different enzymes. The Km values for all substrate were calculated. The activity of the two enzymes was stimulated by the addition of pyridoxal phosphate, and was inhibited by the addition of hydroxylamine. The inhibition by hydroxylamine was overcome by pyridoxal phosphate. Stability of the two enzymes was studied. Dialysis for 24 hours against 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 8.0, completely inhibited the activity of the two enzymes

Biochemical analysis of hydatid cyst fluid and protoscolices

Hydatid cysts of a number of animal intermediate hosts namely camel cattle, goat, sheep and pig were analyzed for carbohydrates, enzymes, lipids, minerals and proteins. A large number of amino acids was detected both in the fluid and protoscolices. The protein content was higher in the latter. A considerable amount of calcium was present in the protoscolices compared with the fluid. Nucleic acids RNA and DNA were detected in the protoscolices hydrolysate while small amounts were found in hydatid fluid

Nitrate reductase formation by a new streptomyces species

Streptomyces cyanovirides a new species isolated from Egyptian soils was applied in the present study. Conditions affecting the formation of nitrate reductase by shaking cultures were studied. Nitrate reductase was produced during the logarithmic phase of growth and maximum yield was obtained after 66 hours of incubation at 30°C. The uptake of nitrate revealed that S. cyanovirides has a complete system of enzymes for assimilating nitrate till the formation of proteins. The enzyme activity greatly affected by FAD and NADH. Maximum enzyme yield was obtained when potassium nitrate served as a nitrogen source in a concentration of 2 g/L., and when starch concentration of the medium was 2 percent. Vitamins did not affect the enzyme formation, but in absence of yeast extract the enzyme was not formed. Potassium phosphate monobasic was the best phosphorus source. Molybdenum followed by iron were very essential elements for nitrate reductase formation and the best concentration of Mo. was 397 micro g./L. which supported the maxi-min yield of enzyme formation by the experimental organism

Purification and some characterization of nitrate reductase by a new streptomyces species

A nitrate reductase by a new Streptomyces species [S. cyan-oviridis] was purified by precipitation with bentonite and DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography. Maximal activity was obtained at 30 degree C and pH7.5 Km value was 0 505 mM. The effect of some met at salts on enzyme activity was studied. Enzyme activity was inhibited by KcN, Na N2 p-chloromercury benzoate, O-phenent hroline, 8- hydroxyquinoline urea and some amino acids such as L-histidine and L-asparagine. Eroposure of the enzyme to pH 7.5 for two hours did not influence its ability, but its exposure to pH4.0 and pH 8.0 resulted in mederate inactivation. Exposure of the enzyme to 30 degree C did not affect the enzyme activity. Its exposure to 35, 40 and 45 degree C resulted in a gradual decrease in its activity