[Molecular identification of Salmonella Infantis isolated from backyard chickens and detection of their resistance genes by PCR]

This study aims at molecular identification of Salmonella Infantis isolated from backyard chickens and the detection of their antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 46 Salmonella-suspected samples isolated from backyard chickens of northern Iran were collected. Serotyping was done by the traditional method and then confirmed by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against 13 antimicrobial agents was determined by the standard disk diffusion method. There were 44 samples identified as Salmonella. Serotyping results showed that all 44 isolates belonged to serogroup C1 and serovar Infantis. The most resistance observed was to tetracycline and doxycycline [100%], chloramphenicol [79%] and florfenicol [72%]. The floR, catI, tetA and tetG genes were used for the detection of florfenicol chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance. In order to identify the phenotypic resistance in strains which showed resistance genes by PCR, colony PCR and culture on plates each containing antibiotic was performed simultaneously. All the Salmonella Infantis resistant to florfenicol and chloramphenicol harbored floR and catI. None of the Salmonella resistant to tetracycline carried tetA or tetG. The result of colony PCR and culture in antibiotic medium confirmed the results of PCR and indicated phenotypic resistance in these samples.

Efficacy of permethrin-impregnated uniforms in the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iranian soldiers

One approach for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis is creation of a barrier between the insect vector [phlebotomus] and the host. Many, but not all, researchers claim that permethrinimpregnated uniforms are effective for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We determined the efficacy of permethrinimpregnated uniforms for prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis among Iranian soldiers. 324 soldiers were randomized into two equal groups. 272 soldiers completed the study. In Group A, 134 soldiers were issued permethrin impregnated uniforms. In Group B, 138 soldiers were issued uniforms washed in water. The soldiers wore uniforms day and night for 3 months, and were observed for an additional 6 months. All of the soldiers remained during this 3 months in the leishmaniasis-endemic area of Isfahan. 9 [6.5%] of 138 soldiers wearing control uniforms and 6 [4.4%] of 134 soldiers wearing permethrin-impregnated uniforms acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Permethrin-impregnated uniforms may not be effective in prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis