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Background:The progressivity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with several clinical conditions which contribute to high morbidity and mortality, including anemia and hypoalbuminemia. This study aimed to assess the association of anemia and hypoalbuminemia with the mortality of CKD patients undergoing routine hemodialysis (HD) in Siloam Hospital Kupang.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on Indonesia renal registry data system and hospital medical records. We studied the following variables: gender, age, etiology of CKD, vascular access of HD, and prevalence of anemia and hypoalbuminemia. All analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22.Results:There were 128 patients enrolled in this study. Of the total patients who died, most of them died within the first 3 months since the initiation of HD (62.1%). The majority of patients had anemia (67.2%) and hypoalbuminemia (69.5%). The bivariate analysis showed that anemia (p value=0.192), and hypoalbuminemia (p value=0.336) were notstatistically significant associated with mortality among patients undergoing routine HD.Conclusions:Anemia and hypoalbuminemia are not statistically associated with mortality outcome of CKD patients in Siloam Hospital Kupang. However, these conditions may still have prognostic importance for CKD patients undergoing routine HD. Further studies with larger size of cohort and longer period of time are warranted.
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Background:Aim of the study was to analyse the relation between elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)positive chronic gastritis patients, as compared to the control group containing H. pylorinegative chronic gastritis patients.Methods:Chronic gastritis patients were segregated in equal numbers based on H. pyloristatus. NLR was calculated, and ESR noted from the observations, comparison was done between the control and the study groups.Results:A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The 50 each from the control and study group. An observation of elevation in NLR and ESR in H. pyloripositive chronic gastritis patients, as compared to the control group was seen. With an average NLR of 2.43 and 1.43, in the control and study group, respectively.Conclusions:Raise in NLR in H. pyloripositive chronic gastritis patients with an associated raise in ESR suggests, the severity of the infection and the need for eradication and prevent complications
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Background: Diabetes is the most common non-communicable disease known today. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A prospective study was carried out between April 2017 to April 2018 in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Patients with type 2 diabetes of age 25-80 years, minimum of 5 years duration were enrolled.Results: Out of 66 patients, 23(34.8%) were males whereas 43 (65.2%) were females. Mean age in this study population was 55.36 years with a standard deviation of 11.362. In present study, the mean fasting blood sugar level was 196.12±77.180, mean postprandial blood sugar level was 303.26±115.385 and the mean HbA1C levels was 10.95±2.369. 77.3% were on oral hypoglycaemic agents, 13.6% on insulin and 9.1% on combined therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. The complications associated with diabetes found in present study were microvascular complications which include peripheral neuropathy 41(62.1%), retinopathy 31(46.96%), nephropathy 28 (42.42%). Peripheral neuropathy was found to be most commonly associated. Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease in 12.12% (n=8) and cerebrovascular disease in 4.54% (n=3). Autonomic neuropathy was found in 69.69% (n=46).Conclusions: The complications of DM are commonly seen in patients with poor glycaemic control. Among microvascular complications, peripheral neuropathy was most commonly seen. Autonomic neuropathy usually goes unnoticed and asymptomatic in most of the individuals. Increasing levels of HbA1c was found to be significantly correlated with neuropathy.