[ protective effect of quercetin and it nanocrystal on anxiety-like behaviors induced by animal model of Alzheimer's disease]

Introduction: Alzheimer is a neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by progressive memory loss, diminished cognitive ability and behavioral disturbances such as anxiety-like behaviors. Quercetin is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects

Objective: purpose of this study is evaluated anxiolytic effect of quercetin and its nanocrystal in model of Alzheimer's disease

Methods: in this experimental study, forty-nine male rats were randomly divided into seven groups, as follows: control group [intact rats], vehicle [received distilled water orally and intrcerebroventricullary], disease [received 10microg/rat STZ intracerebroventricularly and distilled water orally] and disease treated groups [received quercetin and its nanocrystal at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg/day orally for four weeks after injection of STZ]. Elevated plus maze [EPM] test was used to assess anxiety-like behaviors

Results: results indicated that icv-STZ injection significantly decrease percent of open arm times [%OAT] and percent of open arm enters [%OAE] in the EPM test [P<0.001] and treatment with the quercetin and its nanocrystal significantly increased these behavioral indexes in the end of third and fourth weeks [P<0.001]. Furthermore, treatment with quercetin nanocrystal increased %OAT and %OAE more than the quercetin

Conclusion: this study showed the protective effect of quercetin and its nanocrystal in the prevention of anxiogenic-like behaviors induced by Alzheimer's model of rat and treatment with quercetin nanocrystal was more effective than quercetin

[ case study of the health system response operation to flood in chaldoran township on July 2011]

Due to casualties and financial losses, floods are the most horrible natural disasters. It is responsible for 40-50% of all deaths in the world, about 43% of total population damaged by disasters that have occurred between 2009-2000. Despite the high abundance of floods in Iran, yet little research has been done on how the health system response to the flood. This article aims to study the health system response operation to Chaldoran township flood. In this descriptive case study, data was collected by using checklists that were prepared by researchers through interviews with authorities of health system in affected areas; reviewing existing documentation; and observing of how the response has been provided. A flash flood was occurred and damaged some parts of Chaldoran Township on 16 July, 2011. Initial investigation team dispatched immediately to the affected areas and surveillance system was exacerbated. 24 samples of water had been taken in the region that 6 cases had bacterial contamination. However, no chemical sampling was prepared, 6 drinking water sources restored and also 34 kg of calcium hypochlorite was distributed. Chlorine measurement was performed in 206 cases which 182 were favorable cases. 8 toilets of 11 were reconstructed after damaging in flood. Meanwhile, there were not any unwanted problems in maternal and child and family planning health services. Fortunately, losses resulting from the recent flood were not noticeable and have been managed well by the health system. But for broader disaster management involving high mortality, the health system should design a proper disaster plan in order to prepare and improve employees by training programs in various maneuvers. The health system and employees should be ready. Otherwise, such disasters are very difficult to manage and also the results will be tragic

[Resolution of enuresis after adenotsillectomy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy]

Most of the upper airway obstructions are caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children accompanied with upper airway obstruction is reported in 8-47% of cases. Considering this fact that adenotonsillar hypertrophy is curable by adenotonsilletomy, in present study the effect of this operation in treatment of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy has been investigated by comparing the rate of nocturnal enuresis pre and post operation. During a period of 18 months, all children referred to otorhinolaryngology department of Ghaem hospital suffering from nocturnal enuresis and adenotonsillar hypertrophy have been surveyed. The patients were evaluated for improvement in nocturnal enuresis after adenotosillectomy for a period of three months. The average age of patients was 6.8 years. 63.8% of children had primary nocturnal enuresis and 36.2% secondary nocturnal enuresis. One month after adenotonsillectomy in 88% of children nocturnal enuresis was completely cured. Using Friedman test we revealed that there was no significant difference in second and third month in comparison with first month. Complete improvement was observed in patients with secondary nocturnal enuresis. Between severity of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and improvement in nocturnal enuresis only in patients with adenoid hypertrophy the result was significant [P<0.0001]. All children with secondary nocturnal enuresis who suffered from adenotonsillar hypertrophy were well treated by adenotosillectomy and this improvement was mostly noticed after one month post operation. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy must be considered in differential diagnosis of children suffering from nocturnal enuresis