RESUMO
Background: Bisphoenol A [BPA] is a xenobiotic estrogenic compound and can also cause oxidative stress in testis tissue
Objective: This study was preformed to investigate the effect ginger extract against toxicity induced with BPA in mice testis tissue
Methods: Forty adult male mice [NMRI] were divided into 4 equal groups such as: control, bisphoenol A [240 mg/kg/day], ginger extract [500mg/kg/day] and bisphoenol A+ ginger extract. The mouse were treated orally for 34 days. Finally, the rats were weighted and right testis was removed, fixed, sectioned and stained according to Heiden Hain Azan methods. Subsequently the testicular tissue different parameters were studied using stereological methods. Serum malondialdehyde [MDA] and testosterone levels were also determined. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and means difference was considered significant when P<0.05
Results: The testis weight, total volume of testis, volume of seminiferous tubules and its diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, sertoli cells and spermatogenesis indexs significantly decreased in bisphoenol A group compared to the control group [P<0.04]. A significant increase in MDA and significant decrease in the serum testosterone levels was found in bisphoenol A group compared with control group [P<0.001]. Above parameters were partially compensated in BPA+GE group compared with BPA group
Conclusion: Ginger extract seems to have a protective role in bisphenol A induced toxicity in testis tissues. so ginger may be useful in improving the adverse effects of bisphenol A on male reproductive system
RESUMO
The micronutrient deficiency is an important health problem around the world. Among the micronutrients, iron and zinc deficiencies are the most common. The aim of this study was to find the effects of iron and zinc supplementation, alone or combined, on iron and zinc status of the primary school children. The study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial in which 81 primary schoolchildren of 11 years old were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 were supplemented with iron [20 mg/d], group 2 with zinc [20 mg/d] and group 3 with iron plus zinc [20 mg/d of each] for 4 months. At the beginning and at the end of this intervention, using cell counter, radioimmunoassay, and atomic absorption, hemoglobin plasma ferritin and serum zinc, the children, were measured. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, paired t test, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Our results showed that using either iron or zinc alone and using both of them together significantly increased the serum zinc level to 4.5 +/- 2.1, 4.5 +/- 2.7 and 3.6 +/- micromole per liter, respectively. Among the 3 groups studied, zinc supplementation had the most benefit for the children who suffered from zinc deficiency [p<0.01]. Using iron complementation alone, resulted in an increase in serum ferritin, while using zinc alone, led to a decrease in plasma ferritin [p<0.01]. Both iron and zinc supplementation and the combination of them had no significant impact on blood hemoglobin. Supplementation with either iron or zinc, would improve serum zinc and plasma ferritin