RESUMO
Relapse in leukemic patients is considered as a major cause of treatment failure and a decrease in patient survival rate. This study was conducted to determine the survival rate of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] and acute myeloid leukemia [AML] based on their relapse status. This retrospective cohort study was performed on a total of 243 cases of leukemia aged less than 15 years in Shiraz Shahid Faghihi hospital. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression model. The 1-and 5-year survival rates for patients without relapsed leukemia were 96.9 and 76.9% and for relapsed leukemia were 82.4 and 28.6%, respectively. Therefore, there was a significant relationship between the relapse occurrence and survival rate among the patients [P=0.001]. The relapse occurrence is one of the main effective factors in survival rate of leukemic patients; a five-year survival rate in the patients is less than 30 percent in this center