Reliability and validity of the Persian [Farsi] version of the risk perception survey-diabetes mellitus

Knowledge of patients risk perceptions is essential for the management of chronic diseases. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of a Persian [Farsi] language translation of the Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Meilitus. After forward-backward translation the RPS-DM was randomly administered to 106 adult patients with diabetes who were enrolled in a teaching referral clinic in the north of the Islamic Republic of Iran [Rasht]. Internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis were applied. The minimum value for internal consistency was 0.50 for risk knowledge and the highest value was 0.88 on the optimistic bias subscale. Principal component analysis showed that the items of the composite risk score matched with the same items in the English language version, except for question numbers 16, 24 and 25. The Persian version of RPS-DM is the first standardized tool for measuring risk perception and knowledge about diabetes complications in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Comparison between immediate and delayed imaging after gadolinium chelate injection for detecting enhanced lesions in multiple sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] is a noninvasive and valuable method in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis [MS]. Compared with other modalities, the sensitivity of MRI for detection of the lesion increases using magnetization transfer [MT] and delayed imaging. Our aim was to compare the two methods in detecting MS lesions. In this double-blind clinical trial, twenty-one patients with the definite diagnosis of MS referred to Poursina Hospital, Rasht were included. Two radiologists evaluated all the images. First, images without contrast were conducted, then 0.1 mmol/kg contrast material [Dotarem, single dose] was injected and after 30 minutes, T1W and MT images were obtained. Seventy-two hours later, T1W images were obtained immediately after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg contrast material [double dose]. The data were analyzed using Fisher's and McNemar tests by SPSS for Windows. Delayed magnetization transfer showed 44 enhanced lesions using MT [69.84%] and 29 lesions using T1 [46.03%]. In addition, the number of enhanced lesions in the delayed method were significantly more than those in the immediate method [p value=0.003]. The use of single dose in combination with MT and delayed images after 20-30 minutes enables us to detect more enhanced lesions

[ relationship between magnesium level and rankin disability score in ischemic stroke]

Cerebrovascular events are one of the most disabling disorders in human being and we must search for some factors that impress upon extent of tissue damage and neuronal injury that lead to the prognosis of these events and the patients abilities .One of these factors is magnesium. To investigate the relationship between magnesium level and rankin disability score at first 72hrs and 1week after ischemic stroke and change of this score in this period of time. In this cross-sectional study 67 patients suffering from ischemic stroke in the territory of right middle cerebral artery, less than 6 hours were involved. Their serum magnesium levels were measured in the first 6 hours after stroke and their RDS[0] and RDS[1w] were recorded. Data was analyzed by Nominal Regression Method and Repeated Measure ANOVA respectively by SPSS 17. Among 67 patients [61.20% was male and 38.8% was female], the mean age of them was 69.60 +/- 13.58 years old. There was reciprocal statistical correlation between serum magnesium level and RDS[0] and RDS[1w]. [P=0.000 and 0.002 respectively]. But there was not any significant statistical correlation between the serum magnesium level and changes of RDS in this period of time [P=0.513]. Measurement of serum magnesium level in the first hours after ischemic stroke can be a good predictor for patients abilities at the first 72 hours and 1 week after that event

[Assessment the effectiveness of omega 3 on migraine headache severity]

One of the mechanisms of migraine pain is neurogenic inflammation causing by induction of prostaglandins [PGs] and leukotrienes [LTs], it seems that polyunsaturated fatty acid omega 3 have anti-inflammatory and so analgesic effect by modifying their production. Determine the effect of omega-3 on the severity of migraine headache. In this randomized double blind clinical trial study, 198 patients who suffered from migraine and referred to the clinic of neurology in poursina hospital in Rasht, were selected from January to September 2009 according to IHS criteria. They were divided to two groups: 2 pearls of omega3 [2gr] were given to case group [97 patients] and 2 pearls of glycerol were given to control group for 3 months. Headache severity was graded according to MIDAS before and after treatment. The analysis was performed in each group by sign test. Comparing the changes of headache severity were assessed by repeated measure ANOVA variance were analyzed by SPSS 15. 97 patients in case group [27 male and 70 female] with mean age of 26.51 +/- 7.01 years and 99 patients in control group [28 male and 71 female] with mean age of 24.85 +/- 6.21 years participated in this study. This 2 groups were adjusted for age [P=0.081] and sex [P=1.000]. The reduction in headache severity in case group was 35.1% that was statistically significant [P=0.001] and in control group; 20.2% that wasn't statistically significant [P=0.154]. The changes in headache severity had statistically significant difference in these 2 groups [P=0.048]. Omega 3 is effective on reduction of migraine headache severity

[Survey the correlation between f wave persistence and level of consciousness in stroke patients]

Level of consciousness is an important factor in management of critically ill patients and predicting outcome. However there is no quantitative, reproducible measure for evaluation of consciousness. F wave persistence can be influenced by level of consciousness according to some studies. Survey the correlation between F wave persistence and level of consciousness in stroke patients. In this cross sectional study, 114 patients within 72 hours of stroke onset were divided according to their level of consciousness either with GCS and qualitative method. F wave persistence were obtained in each Tibial nerves. Effects of background variables including side of study, side of hemiparesis, type of stroke, and sex were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 14.0 and ANCOVA statistic model. A significant correlation were found between F wave persistence and level of consciousness, either with GCS or qualitative method [P0.001]. These results were independent of the side of study, side of hemiparesis, type of stroke, and sex. F wave persistence can be influenced by level of consciousness. F wave study may be a useful objective and quantitative measure in documenting the severity of consciousness impairment

[Evaluation of correlation between iron over load and the response of chronic hepatitis c in thalassemia major patients treat with alfa- interferon and ribavirin]

beta thalassemia is genetic disorders in beta globin chain production. There is either a complete absence of beta globin chain production or a partial reduction. In bone marrow, thalassemic mutations disrupt the maturation of red blood cells, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and disrupt of red blood cells in spleen causes severe hemolytic anemia in beta thalassemia major Patients. Transfusion therapy can lead to normal life expectancy but also exposes Patients to the risks of iron over load and transfusion - transmitted viruse. [Especially HCV] these Patients need for effective anti viral therapy in addition to regular iron chelation. Evaluation of correlation between iron over load and the response of chronic hepatitis C In thalassemia major Patients treat with alfa- interferon and ribavirin. We enrolled 30 Patients with beta thalassemia major and chronic hepatitis C who referred to clinic of hematology from December 1998 to April 2006. HIC was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy before treatment. Hepatitis C virus, genotype, viral load, were analyzed. Multiple variables were analyzed by SPSS [15] Among the 30 Patients, 17 cases [56.7%] were male and 13 cases [43.3%] female. HIC was determined on a liver biopsy specimen. This study showed that HIC was not correlated to a therapeutic response [p =1]. Evaluation of correlation between viral load and therapeutic response showed that viral load was not correlated to a therapeutic response [p= 0.414]. Among the 30 Patients, 24 cases [80%] had genotype la and 6 cases [20%] had genotype 3a and genotyping was not correlated to a therapeutic response. [p<0.068]. Gender and HIC were not correlated to a therapeutic response. [Male p=0.226] and [female p= 0.199]. In this study HIC, genotyping, viral load and gender were not correlated to a therapeutic response and it does not need chelation therapy before anti viral therapy

[Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 antigen, p27kipl and MCM3 proteins in odontogenic keratocysts]

Odontogenic keratocysts are usually in need of extensive treatment and are concerned mostly by researches in order to find their biological behavior. Minichromosome maintenances [MCM3] over-expression has been reported in several human beings affected by odontogenic. To our knowledge there is no article about MCM3 expression in odontogenic keratocyst. The aim of this study was to evaluate MCM3 in odontogenic keratocysts and compare it to Ki-67 and p27. Total of 23 OKC specimens were selected from Razi laboratory, they were reconfirmed by two indipendent pathologists. Clinicohistopathological data were recorded and standard streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method of immuohistochemical [IHC] staining was conducted for Ki-67 antigen, p27 Kipl and MCM3. The immunostained cells were counted on 10 HPF [Labeling Index] and then classified to negative, low, moderate and high levels. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 13 using Freidman and Spearman's Rho tests and PLUM - Ordinal Regression. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Ki-67 was stained mostly in the basal and suprabasal cells but p27 was found in the upper layers. No sample was stained by MCM3. There were significant differences among these proteins [MCM3 compared with Ki-67 and p27] not between p27 and Ki-67. No correlation was found among age, location and lesion size with these markers. Most of the odontogenic keratocysts expressed low levels of both Ki-67 and p27. We also found MCM3 is not implicated in the pathogenesis of OKC

[Evaluation of satisfaction rate of patients and physician from closed reduction of nasal fracture]

Nasal bone fracture is the most common facial fracture and the third most common fracture of the human skeleton. The diagnosis and proper treatment of the nasal bone fracture are based on physician's findings and skill. The way to manage the nasal bone fracture ranges from closed reduction to open reduction. Insufficient reduction caused secondary deformity after the swelling subside, and lead to requests of other surgical procedures. To evaluate satisfaction rate of patients and physician from outcome of closed reduction 1 month later nasal fracture. The descriptive study reviewed patients with nasal fracture and treated by closed reduction at Amir-al-momenin hospital [Rasht] in 2007-2008 years. According to physical examination and radiologic findings, nasal fractures were classified. Demographic data, time of injury, mechanisms and severity of fracture were recorded on data sheet. Patients were followed up 1 month later of nasal fracture and their satisfaction upon Likert scale was recorded. The physician described satisfaction as good, fair, poor. In this study from 67 patients 76.1% were male and 23.9% were female. Mean age of patients was 30.17 +/- 13.45 years. The major cause of the nasal fractures was attributed to fighting [43.3%]. B-type, U-type and F-type fractures composed 70.1%, 25.4% and 4.5% respectively. 26.9% of patients had soft tissues damages and 3% had fracture in other facial bone. 36 patients [53.7%] were satisfied, 17 patients [25.4%] were very satisfied and 14 patients [20.9%] were unsatisfied. None of them were very unsatisfied. Physician evaluated outcome as good, fair, and poor in 65.7% [44 cases], 23.9% [16 cases] and 10.4% [7 cases] respectively. Although, there isn't statistically significant difference between different type of fracture or presence of soft tissue damage and patients' satisfaction rate, there is statistically significant difference between them and physician's satisfaction rate [P=0.02 and P=0.049]. The results showed that in cases with severe fracture [F-type] and presence of soft tissue damage, closed reduction should be considered carefully as the choice of treatment

Prevalence and characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] amongst medical students of Gilan northern province of Iran

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain and altered bowel habits with no known organic pathology. Its prevalence varies in different communities. We performed this study to determine the prevalence of IBS in medical students who attended Gilan University of Medical Sciences [GUMS]. Medical students of GUMS were studying during 2002 academic year were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Within a specifically designed schedule, trained general practitioners performed student interviews. The interviewers used a structured questionnaire based on the Rome II criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS-10 software. Results were presented as percentages and the mean +/- SD and level of significance was denoted as a p-value <0.05. This study included 422 students, 148 [35.1%] males and 274 [64.9%] females, trained in various educational levels at GUMS whose mean age was 23.7 +/- 2.9 years. The prevalence of IBS was 12.6% [53 of 422]. IBS was more prevalent in females than males [15% [41 of 274] vs. 8.1% [12 of 148]; p<0.05]. Reported a Physician 37.7% of cases visit in comparsion to 17.6% of non IBS case [p<0.05]. This study shows a higher prevalence of IBS in medical students than in other sections of the Iranian population. A prevalence of 12.6% in medical students, who are in an active phase of life, requires careful planning to provide alleviation

Rationale, methods and first results of the Iranian national programme for prevention of chronic diseases from childhood: caspian study

The CASPIAN Study aims to implement a school-based surveillance system for prevention of noncommunicable diseases from childhood in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The baseline survey was conducted from November 2003 to May 2004 in 23 provinces among 21 111 school students aged 6-18 years and their parents. The data collected included: birth weight and current anthropometric measurements; dietary and exercise habits; family history of chronic diseases; and knowledge about prevention. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were assessed in a subsample of 4811 students

Isolation and serotyping of endemic leptospires of west and central regions of the flat areas of Guilan province

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis which is more widespread in the tropical and semi tropical regions, and is endemic in the flat area of Guilan province, north of Iran. Surface waters are sources of saprophytic and carier animals are reservoirs of pathogenic agent. In each endemic region only a limited number of pathogenic serovars are common, and characterization of them is a very important step in detecting the main reservoirs of the disease. This study is performed to isolate endemic leptospires from rice farms, irrigation canals, and rivers of west and central parts of the area, which accounted for a significant annual incidence of the disease. In this cross-sectional study, 500 specimens were taken from 13 cities of the area, between May to September of 2007. One ml of each water sample was inoculated in EMJH liquid medium with 200 micro g/ml 5-flurouracil after filtration by 22 micro m syringe filter. All speciments were incubated in 30°C for 3 months and were checked by darkfield microscope every 2 weeks. All positive samples were characterized by using 30 types antisera. One hundred thirteen of 500 specimens were positive. Saprophytic serogroups were Andamana and Semaranga, belonging to biflexa species. Pathogenic serogroups were icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, canicola and pyrogenes [interrogans Specie], hardjobovis and sejroea [Borgpeterseni specie], grippotyphosa [Kircshneri]. Pathogenic species were common in the rice paddies and saprophytic species were common in the rice farms, rivers and irrigation canals, respectively. It seems that higher frequency of pathogenic serogroups in rice farms is due to high traffic of animals and rodents, and the long time stay of water in the farms. Isolation of saprophytic serogroups in all types of surface waters was expected. Increasing farmers' knowledge about the ways of the disease transfer, and avoiding of unprotected contact with surface waters might help with decreaseing the incidence of the disease in the area

Sensorineural hearing loss in insulin-dependent diabetic patients

Among patients who have sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology, diabetes is one of the diseases to be routinely investigated. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and hearing loss is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] compared to control group. In a cross-sectional study pure tone audiometry [PTA] and speech audiometry was performed in 62 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM], aged under 40 years, and in 62 randomly selected age-matched non-diabetic control subjects. Subjects with otological and other metabolic diseases were excluded from the study. We applied the SPSS.10 statistical analysis software Chi-square and student's test. Statistical analysis showed that the hearing of the diabetic patients were significantly worsen than the control subjects. The hearing level tended to be worsen in the diabetic patients than that in control subjects, but the differences were statistically significant only at frequencies of 250,500, 4000 and 8000 Hz [p > 0.05]. There wasn't statistical significant difference between sex in two study groups [p > 0.05]. The mean duration of diabetes was no statistically significant with hearing loss [p > 0.05]. The frequency of complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in the diabetic groups had no correlation with speech threshold [p > 0.05]. There were no significant differences between speech reception threshold, speech discrimination score and acoustic reflex in two groups. We conclude that type I diabetes mellitus can cause sensorineural hearing loss

new therapeutic management in acute uncomplicated brucellosis: Comparison between three month- ofloxacin and doxycycline- based regimens

Human brucellosis is a common bacterial zoonosis in I.R.of Iran, and with current therapy has significant relapse rate and side effects. However, the optimal duration of therapy has not been determined and side effects cause poor compliance. This study focused on comparison between effects and complications of two therapeutic regimens. In this single-blind randomized trial, 78 uncomplicated brucellosis patients were recruited and allocated into two tails of study by fixed block allocation method. Patients of doxycycline tail were treated with streptomycin, doxycyline plus rifampin [streptomycin plus doxycycline for first month; and, doxycycline plus rifampin for second and third months]. Patients of ofloxacin tail were treated with streptomycin, ofloxacin plus rifampin [streptomycin plus ofloxacin for first month and ofloxacin plus rifampin for second and third months] for three months. Therapeutic outcome was evaluated by measuring efficacy, relapse rate and drugs' GI and skin side -effects. Active brucellosis diagnosed by serology [Wright and 2 ME tests] at the start, 3 and 6 month after drug therapy. The data were analyzed by stata 8.0 soft ware. The proportions were compared by fisher exact test. Significance level was 0.05. The results were reports as proportion [standard error]. At the end of the study, the curative results were similar in doxycycline and ofloxacin tail [100%]. The complication rate had Significant difference in doxycycline and ofloxacin tails, 48.6 +/- 8.3% versus 13.2 +/- 5.5%, respectively [p<0.001, fisher exact test]. The recurrence rate in both groups during six month follow up after complete treatment process was zero. It seems that duration is more important factor in the management of the brucellosis. Treatment of acute uncomplicated brucellosis in human for three month had no relapse and decreased side effects with ofloxacin included regimen

[Comparing the effect of pethedine, dexamethasone and placebo on preventing post-operation shivering]

Post-operation shivering is very common and followed by many problems such as increased oxygen consumption, blood pressure, intracranial and intraocular pressure, and post-operation pain. Therefore, prevention of shivering is important especially in elderly and ischemic heart disease patients. The goal of this study was comparing the effect of Pethedine [Meperidin], Dexanethasione and Placebo on prevention of shivering. This double blind clinical trial study was carried out on 114 patients of ASA class I and II who were candidates for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into three groups including those who received Pethedine [P], Dexamethasone [D] and Placebo [N]. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia for all patients were similar. Temperature of patients was measured in 4 steps: before induction, before extubation, in the beginning of recovery and the end of recovery. Five minutes before the ending of the surgery 0.3mg/kg of Pethedine, 0.1mg/kg of Dexamethasone and 3ml of saline 0.9% were injected to groups P, D and N respectively. N recovery all patients were controlled for visible shivering. 25 mg of Pethedine was injected intravenously while shivering. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA and chi square tests. There were no significant differences among three mentioned groups regarding of gender, age and duration of surgery. 18 cases [47.4%] in group N had post-op shivering. Whereas, in group D only 7 cases [18.4%] had shivering and the difference was significant [P value=0.0001]. Also in group P just 3 cases [7.9%] had shivering that the difference from Placebo group was significant [P value=0.0001]. But the difference between group P and D was not significant too [P value= 0.155]. The present study showed that Pethedine and Dexamethasone are effective drugs for preventing the post-op shivering in elective abdominal surgery

[Effect of cervical cleaning with cotton on quality of Pap smear]

Introduction: Today, cancer of the cervix has been considered a preventable cancer due to its long pre- invasive state, availability of cervical cytology screening programs, and effectiveness of the treatment of preinvasive lesions. Due to slow progression of cervical cancer lesions, Pap smear is an efficient procedure for cancer detection and decreases mortality

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the quality of Papsmear before and after cervical cleaning in females referred to Alzahra Hospital

Materials and Methods: This is a before - after clinical trial. Subjects were sampled by nonprobability convenience method. Inclusion criteria were absence of vaginal bleeding, infection, pregnancy, coitus and vaginal douching during past 48 hrs. After obtaining informed consent, two cytologic smears were taken by cytobrush [Cervex-Brush] before and after cervical cleaning by sterile cotton. Both smears were fixed, Coded and send to a special laboratory immediately. They were taken by a resident and were reported by a pathologist. After data collection analysis carried out with X[2], X[2] Mantel Hanszell, statistical software SPSS.10 was used

Results: In this study, 152 patients had met inclusion criteria .The mean age of women was 39.6 +/- 11.2yrs [range 17-65 yr]. Before cleaning, there were 39[25.7%] satisfactory versus 101 [66.4%] after cleaning [P<0.0001]. There were 22 [14.5%] unsatisfactory smears before cleaning versus 10 [6.6%] after it [P=0.0025]. Before cleaning 15 [9.9%] of smears were poor cellular although 4 [2.6%] of smears was poor cellular after procedure [P= 0.009]. Before cleaning, we had 1 [0.7%] smear with epithelial abnormality, which were increased by 7 [4.6%] after [5 ASCUS-1 AGUS-1 CIN-I] [P=0.032]

Conclusion: Pap smear sampling after cervical cleaning increases the quality of smear and is recommended. Due to similar standard results in other sites of the world, we advocate this procedure for accuracy improvement

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] prevalence in medical students of Gilan university of medical sciences

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, characterized by non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain and altered bowel habit without any organic pathology. Its prevalence varies in human communities. We performed this study to determine the prevalence of IBS in medical students of Gilan University of Medical Sciences [GUMS]. Medical students of GUMS in 2002 enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Under a schedule they were interviewed by trained general practitioners with structured questionnaire, which based on Rome II criteria. Data was analyzed by SPSS-10 software. Results were presented into percentage and mean +/- SD. Level of significance was denoted as p value less than 0.05. This study included 422 students training in various educational levels of GUMS, 148 [35.1%] males and 274 [64.9%] females whose mean age was 23.7 +/- 2.9 years. Prevalence of IBS was 12.6% [53 of 422 with 95%, CI 9.5%-16.1%]. IBS was more prevalent in females than males [15% [41 of 274] vs. 8.1% [12 of 148]] [p<0.05]. This study shows higher IBS prevalence in medical students than other published Iranian reports. Prevalence of 12.6% in students, who are in active phase of life, necessitates planning to help this population

[Frequency of cannabis use in patients admitted to psychiatry emergency ward]

Introduction: Cannabis use is frequently found in patients suffering psychiatric disorders and studies show that it results in recurrence, need for rehospitalization, diminished efficacy of drugs and worsening of prognosis

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the relative frequency of cannabis users in patients admitted to psychiatry emergency ward of Shafa psychiatry hospital in Rasht ,Iran, during 2004-2005

Materials and Methods: In a cross- sectional study, urinary test by RIA search for urinary metabolite of cannabis [THC…] and also an interview with pt their families was done for all pts having BPRS equal or more than 4, were tested through urinary test for Tetrahydrocannabinol[THC],the urinary metabolite of cannabis ,via Rapid immunoassay[RIA] and interview with patients and their families was done. Each patient was physically examined as well. Variables such as sex, age group, marital and educational status, place of residence and history of psychiatric problems were included in our assessment. Collected data were and analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact test [a = 0.05]

Results: From 404 patients admitted to the emergency ward within 4 months, 20 were excluded for different reasons [such as discharge with own satisfactim, refusal inability to give urine sample]. 384 were included in the study. Urine test for cannabis use was positive in 77[20.1%] cases who were all men [THC

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, a considerable fraction of patients admitted to psychiatric emergency ward are cannabis users in our hospital. Preventive ways are commended for lowering this frequency

[Assessment of women's knowledge regarding postpartum complications and cares]

Introduction: Mother and child health is one of the major concerns of public health throughout the world. Health education and increased knowledge of mothers in relation to their health is an important strategy for improving maternal and child health

Objective: The aim of this study was the survey of postpartum women's knowledge about complications and cares after delivery

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that assesses postpartum women's knowledge about postpartum complications and cares in Alzahra hospital in spring of 2003. The subjects were selected with convenience sampling method [non-probability] from women with the same case. A standard questionnaire [designed by ministry of health] was used to collect the data. This questionnaire consisted of a two-part questionnaire which included: [1] the demographics [2] assessment of knowledge level. After data collection, analysis was carried out with chi-square test by spss.10 software

Results: In this study, 384 women were assessed. Data showed that the mean age of the women was 26.5 +/- 0.3 yrs. Only 10 cases [2.6%]of women had university education. The majority of subjects were housewives 389[95.8%]. An evaluation of their knowledge about postpartum complications and cares showed that 360 [93.8%] of them had very poor and 22[5.7%] of them had poor and 2[0.5%] of them had intermediate knowledge. The results indicated that there weren't statistically significant relationship between age, parity and information source with level of knowledge [P>0.05] but there were significant correlations between education level and job with knowledge level.[p<0.05]

Conclusion: Regarding the low level of the women's knowledge about postpartum cares and complications, the researchers suggest on increasing knowledge levels by means of holding different classes and counseling sessions and also continuous visiting of the patients which can help them to reach this goal