[ effect of daily consumption of Iranian yogurt drink doogh fortified with vitamin D or vitamin D plus calcium on the serum advanced glycation end products [AGEs] and oxidized LDL concentrations in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial]

High levels of advanced glycation end products [AGEs] and oxidative stress play a key role in development of complications in type 2 diabetes [T2D]. It has been reported that glycemic optimizing affects vitamin D in patients with T2D. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of daily consumption of vitamin D and vitamin D-calcium-fortified yogurt drink on serum levels of AGEs and ox-LDL in T2D patients. Sixty diabetic subjects aged 30-60 years were assigned randomly to one of the three groups: 1- plain yogurt drink; 2-yogurt drink fortified with 500IU cholecalciferol per 250 mL bottle; and 3- yogurt drink fortified with 500IU cholecalciferol and 250 mg calcium per 250 mL bottle. Participants were instructed to consume 2 bottles of the yogurt drink daily for 12 weeks. The anthropometric, dietary and laboratory assessments were done at baseline and at the end of intervention. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased significantly from 40.6 +/- 30.1 to 76.8 +/- 32.6 nmol/L [p<0.001] in group 2 and from 45.1 +/- 38.7 to 72.7 +/- 35.3nmol/L in group 3. Fasting glucose [p=0.016 and p=0.040, respectively], insulin [p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively], HbA1c [p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively], HOMA-IR [p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively] and serum level of AGEs [p=0.029 and p=0.001, respectively] decreased significantly. There was no significant within and between group changes in ox-LDL serum levels. Our results showed that daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D with or without calcium significantly increased serum levels of 25[OH] D, improved glycemic control and decreased serum levels of AGEs but had no effect on ox-LDL levels in diabetic patients

[Effects of daily consumption of Iranian yogurt drink doogh fortified with vitamin D or vitamin D plus calcium on the anthropometric and glycemic indices in type-2 diabetes patients]

Poor vitamin D status has been associated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of daily intakes of Iranian yogurt drink doogh fortified with vitamin D or vitamin D + calcium on anthropometric and glycemic status in type-2 diabetes patients. Ninety patients with type-2 diabetes were randomly allocated to one of three groups as follows: group1: plain doogh; group 2: vitamin D-fortified doogh [fortified with 500 IU vitamin D3 and 150 mg Ca/250 mL]; group 3: vitamin D + calcium-fortified doogh [fortified with 500 IU vitamin D3 and 250 mg Ca/250 mL]. The subjects took their respective doughs twice per day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric markers [weight, body mass index, and waist circumference], fasting serum glucose [FSG], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], and homeostasis model of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] were measured before and after the intervention. In both groups 2 and group 3, the mean serum 25[OH]D3 level increased significantly [P>0.001]. As compared to group 1, in groups 2 and 3 the decreases in FSG [-12.9 +/- 33.7 mg/dL [P = 0.015] and -9.6 +/- 46.9 mg/dL [P = 0.035], respectively], Hb A1c [-0.4 +/- 1.2% [P<0.001] and -0.4 +/- 1.9% [P, 0.001], respectively], HOMA-IR [-0.6 +/- 1.4 [P = 0.001] and -0.6 +/- 3.2 [P, 0.001], respectively], and waist circumference [WC; -3.6 +/- 2.7 and -2.9 +/- 3.3, respectively; P<0.001 for both] were significantly higher. An inverse correlation was observed between changes in serum 25[OH]D3 and FSG [r = 20.208, P = 0.049] and HOMA-IR [r = 20.219, P = 0.005]. Daily consumption of vitamin D-fortified doogh with or without added calcium, improves anthropometric and glycemic status in diabetic patients

[Determinants of inflammation and systolic blood presure in women with central obesity: a cross-sectional study]

High prevalence of obesity is closely associated with a prominent rise in the incidence of hypertension, both of which result in a major increase in cardiovascular disease risk. Several studies also suggest obesity as a major risk factor for systemic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between metabolic and anthropometric indicators on the one hand and serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP [hsCRP] and blood pressure in overweight and obese women on the other hand, as well as determine the predictors of hsCRP level and blood pressure in this population. Subjects were recruited by convenience sampling from health care centers and schools in Tehran in winter. From among volunteers 200 women meeting the study criteria were selected and their fasting blood samples collected. Dietary intake was assessed, anthropometric measurements were made, and the related laboratory tests [total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and hsCRP] were performed. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Serum levels of hsCRP were significantly associated with those of glucose[p=0.015, triglycerides [p=0.005], total cholesterol[p=0.002], body mass index [BMI][<0.0001], waist circumference [WC][p<0.001], and fat mass [FM] [p<0.0001]. Also, systolic blood pressure [SBP] was significantly associated with serum levels of glucose[p=0.018], triglycerides [p=0.011], BMI [p<0.0001], WC[p<0.0001], FM[p=0.005] and WHR[p=0.049]. In different regression models, WC and FM were found to be predictors of hsCRP [p= 0.020, 0.015], wheras BMI was a strong predictor of SBP [p <0.0001]. This study demonstrates that waist circumference and fat mass are the predictors of hsCRP, while body mass index is the main predictor of systolic blood pressure, in Tehrani obese and overweight women with waist circumference more than 88cm

Iranian diabetics may not be vitamin D deficient more than healthy subjects

There are some reports of decreased serum levels of 25[OH]D in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]. To assess vitamin D status of the Iranian diabetics, a pilot study was conducted on 90 subjects with either type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] [n= 30], T2DM [n= 30], or apparently healthy subjects [n= 30] during fall and winter of 2005. Serum samples were analyzed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol using three different methods: high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], competitive protein-binding assay [CPBA] and radioimmunoassay [RIA]. In this study serum levels of 25[OH]D were categorized as follows: sufficient. 37 nmol/L; 25 nmol/L. mild deficiency < 37 nmol/L; 12.5 nmol/L. moderate deficiency < 25 nmol/L; severe deficiency < 12.5 nmol/L. Results showed that the occurrence of vitamin D insufficiency was almost the same in patients with T1DM and healthy controls. Mean serum level of 25[OH]D in patients with T2DM was significantly higher than in T1DM, as judged by HPLC [58.2'] 8.5 vs. 35'] 5 nmol/L, Mann Whitney U-Wilcoxon, P= 0.024]. Moreover, both CPBA and RIA showed some over-estimation of serum 25[OH]D compared to HPLC. Our findings suggest that, at least in the cold seasons, vitamin D status of the healthy subjects may not be higher than that of T1DM patients