[ survey on fauna of ixodid ticks and their enterobacteriaceae infection in livestock in Amol city in north of Iran]

Ticks are one of the important external parasites in livestock that can transmit viral, ricketsia and bacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of contamination of the livestock by ixodid ticks and harboring of enterobacteriaceae by the ticks in Amol City. In this descriptive study, we collected the livestock's ticks [cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats] and after fauna identification, they were sent for culture. In this study, 650 ticks were collected which belonged to 8 species. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was the most and Rhipicephalus bursa was the least prevalent species. Cattles and buffaloes had the highest tick infestation [38.5%]. The bacteriological results showed that the ticks were infected by 13 bacterial species such as Ecoli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Serratia, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The most and the least prevalent species were Ecoli and Serratia respectively. Considering the high prevalence of ixodid ticks in our study and presence of bacterial infection in hard ticks, appropriate training for stock breeders for improvement of their knowledge of the health problems, stock breeding and common methods of zoonotic disease prevention such as spraying and anti-tick bath, is recommended

Treatment results and epidemiologic factors in oral tongue cancer: analysis of 110 patients in cancer institute of Tehran

Tongue cancer is one of the most common cancers of the oral cavity, excluding lip, and the median age of the patients is approximately 60 years. Treatment results of a total of 110 patients with oral tongue cancer admitted to cancer Institute of Tehran University between 1999-2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated by surgery or radiotherapy or chemotherapy in a curative setting. The median age at the time of first visit was 67 years [range 27- 91years].51 patients [46.4%] were female and 59 [53.6%] were male. Primary treatment was surgery in 86 patients [78.2%], radiotherapy alone in 12 patients [10.9%], chemo radiation in 3 patients [2.7%] and chemotherapy [as neo adjuvant therapy] in 8 patients [7.3%]. Median dose of radiation in patients who received radiotherapy was 6000CGY in the range of [5000-7500 CGY]. Median of follow-up of patients was 10 months in range of [1-78] months. Local and loco-regional recurrence remains a major clinical problem in oral cavity tumors. Additional studies and detailed analysis of the selection criteria and treatment outcomes across trials are needed to define the best treatment modalities

[Evaluation of bacterial infection of external surface and digestive system of cockroach species]

The presence of cockroaches has health implications, such as nosocomial infection, as the insects move freely from areas within and around hospitals that may harbor pathogenic organisms. The aims of the present study were to detect cockroach species and bacterial infection transmitted by their surface and their digestive system. In this study we caught 250 cockroach from hospital of Hamedan. We hunt them with hand, glass trap and sticky trap. Then they have been carried to bacteriology lab. After anesthesia and washing in 2cc physiology serum, their gut have been expelled from oral to anal and cultured. In this study we used E.M.B, T.S.I, DNAase, B.A, SF, SS, ONPG, MR, SIM, Mnitol sult agar, Lysin, Simmon citrate and Urea as bacterial culture methods. In this study we recognized 4 species of cockroaches from hospitals of Hamedan: Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Blatta orientalis Blatella germanica. The most frequent one was Periplaneta americana, [88%] and just 0.8% were Blatta orientalis [the least frequency]. 23 species of bacteria recognized from surface and digestive system or cockroaches. In surface of them, Escherichia coli had 26.5%[the most frequency] and Edward siella had 0.4% [the least frequency]. In digestive system E.coli had 30.8% [the most frequency] and Morganella morgani had 0.8% [the least percent]. Tour study determined that cockroaches play as potential vectors of medically important microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria in hospital environments. Integrated management of cockroach populations should be carried out into the disease prevention and control programs in hospitals

[IL- 12 gene polymorphism in type I diabetes mellitus]

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic ?-cells. A variety of environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of the disease. IL-12 is a cytokine secreted by different cells and plays and important role in cell-mediated immune responses and maintenance of cytokine network balance. Genetic polymorphisms in the IL-12 gene were shown to interfere with the transcriptional activity of the IL-12 gene, and this influences the production, secretion or activity of IL-12 growth factor. In this study the polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the IL12Bgene encoding IL-12 p40 was investigated. In this case control study 75 type 1 diabetic patients who had definitely been diagnosed at least 2 years before sampling and were under Insulin therapy, recruited. A total of 88 healthy controls selected from voluntarily blood donors who had referred to IRAN Blood Transfusion Organization. DNA extracted from whole blood and polymorphism at +1188 nucleotide was assessed by SSP-PCR. Data were analyzed by SPSS, using chi- square test with 95% confidence interval. A statistical significance of AA presence [57%] at the +1188 3'-UTR position of IL-12 B gene in patients was found, after genotyping, compared to the control group[p<0.05]. Interleukin-12 [IL-12] is a key cytokine for the induction of Th1 immune responses. Polymorphism in the 3'-UTR of the IL-12 p40 gene and association with susceptibility to Diabetes type I evaluated. AA genotype was more frequent than AC and the AC more common than CC in diabetic patients. In another word, the A allele of the [A/C] polymorphism at position +1188 in the 3'-UTR found to be preferentially transmitted to people with type I diabetes.These polymorphisms may affect gene transcription of IL-12 p40, causing individual variations in cytokine production. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, will give us the opportunities to develop new and effective therapeutic approaches