[ relationship between dietary patterns, body image, and anxiety in adolescents' male students]

Introduction: Dietary patterns and psychological health have strong relationship. People with unfit body may experience few mental problems. The present study examined the association between dietary patterns and anxiety in middle school students

Methods: The research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included guidance school students who were studying in the academic year 2013-14 in the Baharestan city, in Tehran province. The population sample of 220 students from schools was chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research measurements including, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, and food-frequency questionnaire [FFQ] were utilized. The Data were analyzed using inferential statistics factor analysis, logistic regression, and Spearman correlation coefficients

Results: Factor analysis showed that both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns among subjects had the highest dispersion Justifying 34.11 percent of the total Variance of consumption. Spearman correlation showed a significant positive correlation between anxiety and unhealthy eating patterns [P<0.0005]. Logistic regression analysis showed that most students with unhealthy eating patterns are more likely to suffer from anxiety [P<0.0005]. The other part of the logistic regression model showed that students who show unhealthier dietary pattern have a worse body image

Conclusion: the present results indicated that there is a relationship between dietary patterns, body image, and anxiety. Furthermore, people with unhealthy food patterns have a poorer body image and are more anxious

[ compare maladaptive cognitive schemas and irrational beliefs and communicational skills between orphan adolescences and non-orphan adolescences]

Introduction: family environment is very vital and important to development of family members. Children who are rising up in Dynamic family environment are resilience to facing life problems. Some children and adolescents like orphans do not have enough chance to experience the warmth and emotional atmosphere of family. The present study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas, irrational beliefs and communicational skills between orphan and non-orphan adolescences

Methods: The research method was a causal- comparative approach. The sample of research consisted of 116 female adolescences [56 of them were orphan and 60 others were non-orphan adolescences], the participants mean age was between 12-18 years old. The nonorphan adolescents were selected by available sampling and the other orphan group was elected by targeting sampling. The data gathering was carried out according to three questionnaires including; Young schema questionnaire short form, factor Irrational beliefs Test-Ahwaz [4IBT-A] and communication skills Test-Revised. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods including; Mean and Standard Deviation. Also, inferential statistical methods like; one -way analysis of variance [ANOVA], Multiple-way analysis of variance [MANOVA] and t-test student for independent groups. Then all data were entered to computer using SPSS package version 16

Results: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between total early maladaptive schemas scores and the sub-scales including; emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, distrust/misbehave, social isolation/alienation defectiveness/ shame, failure, depended/incompetence, harm to self and obedience among orphan and non- orphan adolescences[p<0.01]. While, there was no significant difference between two research groups in irrational beliefs and communicational skills except the assertiveness score. This difference was one of the sub-scales in relationship skills. The non-orphan adolescents had acquired better score than orphan adolescents in assertiveness skill

Conclusion: the results indicated that create proper conditions in childhood period for satisfying the basics needs of children like secure attachment especially for orphans child is very vital and important. Orphans are deprived from secure and stable family atmosphere. So, for better bringing up and preventing those from psychological problems creating the secure and healthy attachment in childhood period is necessary

[ effectiveness assertiveness skills training on students' mental health-related factors]

Introduction: Assertiveness skills provides strategies for handling conflict, communicating assertively and developing relationships that can be applied both at work and in your personal life. The aim of this study was to study the effects of assertiveness training skills on the assertive and self-esteem male students of secondary schools

Method: This study was experimental study before and after control group test. The participants of this research were selected form 30 students in secondary school in Khoramabad city 2012-2013. Data gathering was used via Cooper Smith Self Esteem Inventory [CSEI] and Assertiveness Self Report Inventory [ASRI]. The experimental group was given 8 sessions' weekly education assertiveness training skills. The control group did not receive intervention. In order to, explore the effects of assertiveness training skills on assertiveness and self-esteem among participants. For analyses the data were tested by t-test and covariate [ANCOVA]

Results: The results from ANCOVA Test revealed that assertiveness training group therapy increases self-esteem and the assertiveness training skills in experimental group. [P<0.001]

Conclusion: The educational assertiveness training and other social skills training are recommend in all students group to prevent mental disorder and help promote students mental health in youth community

[Using principal component analysis to increase accuracy of prediction of metabolic syndrome in artificial neural network and logistic regression models]

Background and aims: In modeling process, correlation between covariates causes multicolinearity that may reduce efficiency of the model. This study was aimed to use principal component analysis to eliminate the effect of multicolinearity in logistic regression and neural network models, and to determine its effect on the accuracy of predicting metabolic syndrome in a sample of individuals participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Methods: A total of 347 participants from the Cohort section of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] were evaluated. The subjects were free of metabolic syndrome, according to the ATPIII criteria, at the beginning. Logistic regression, logistic regression with principal components, neural network and neural network with principal components models were fitted to the data. The ability of the models in predicting metabolic syndrome was compared using ROC analysis and kappa statistics

Results: The area under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve for logistic regression, logistic regression with principal components, neural network and neural network with principal component were estimated as 0.749, 0.790, 0.890 and 0.927 respectively. Sensitivity of the models was calculated as 0.483, 0.435, 0.836 and 0.919 and their specificity as 0.857, 0.919, 0.892 and 0.964 respectively. The kappa statistic for these models was 0.322, 0.386, 0.712 and 0.886 respectively

Conclusion: the study shows that the prediction accuracy of models based on principal components is better than that of models based on primary covariates, so in the presence of multicolinearity, models based on principal components are efficient for predicting metabolic syndrome

[Removal of Cr [VI] from simulated electroplating wastewater by magnetite nanoparticles]

Background and aims: Chromium is considered as one of the important environmental pollutants. There is high concentration of chromium in the wastewater of electroplating industries. Magnetic iron nanoparticles are used to control and eliminate heavy metals from industrial effluents through the mechanisms of adsorption, ion exchange and electro-static forces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles for removal of hexavalent chromium [VI] from simulated electroplating wastewater and the parameters that influence the removal

Methods: The magnetite nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method through the addition of bivalent and trivalent iron chloride in the water environment under alkaline conditions. Then the factors influencing this process, including nanoparticle concentration, initial concentration of chromium, pH, mixing rate and retention time were studied .The taguchi method was used to determine sample size and data analysis. Sampling was performed based on sampling protocol

Results: Removal efficiency was increased with significant increasing the mixing speed [P<0.001]. There was a significant reduction in the removal efficiency by increasing the pH and chromium concentration [P<0.001]. The findings of this study showed that in pH 2, 10 mg/L initial chromium concentrationy a dose of 1 g/L synthesized magnetite nanoparticles, 5 minutes retention time and 250 rpm mixing rate, about 82 % of chromium [VI] was removed. In addition, characteristics of nanoparticles including: particles structure, composition, size and zeta potential were determined using analytical devices such as: XRD, XRF, Zeta potential and particle seizer

Conclusion: Magnetite nanoparticles have high competency for removal of chromium [VI] from simulated electroplating wastewater, and removal efficiency is reversely related to pH

Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles and evaluation of its efficiency for arsenic removal from simulated industrial waste water

In this study the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles for removal of trivalent arsenic from synthetic industrial wastewater was evaluated. The nanoparticles was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray methods including XRD, XRF, and SEM, and vibrating sample magnetometer [VSM]. The results showed that synthesized nanoparticles were in the size range of 40-300 nm, purity of about 90%, and magnetization of nanoparticles was 36.5emu/g. In initial conditions including: pH=7, As[III] concentration of 10 mg/L, nanomagnetite concentration of Ig/L, shaking speed of 250 rpm and 20 minute retention time, 82% of As [III] was removed. Competition from common coexisting ions such as Na[+], Ni[2+], Cu[2+], SO[4][2-], and Cl[-] was ignorable but for NO[3-] was significant. The adsorption data of magnetite nanoparticles fit well with Freundlich isotherm equations. The adsorption capacity of the Fe[3]O[4] for As [III] at pH=7 was obtained as 23.8 mg/g. It was concluded that magnetite nanoparticles have considerable potential in removal of As [III] from synthetic industrial wastewaters

[Evaluation of powdered activated carbon efficiency in removal of dissolved organic carbon in water treatment]

Powdered Activated-carbon is known as a suitable absorbent for organic materials. The aim of this research is evaluation of Powdered Activated-Carbon [PAC] efficiency in removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon [DOC] in water treatment in Isfahan. The increase of PAC for DOC reduction has done in three paths in the Isfahan water treatment plant [WTP]. These paths including: 1] Intake up to entrance of WTP 2] Intake to exit of WTP 3] Between entrance and exit of waterworks. The paths were simulated by the Jar test system. Then DOC and UV[254] absorption were analyzed and SUVA parameter for samples and activated-carbon adsorption isotherm was calculated. The injected PAC doses of 20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/l caused decreasing in DOC and UV [254] absorption in every sample in all paths. The average of this decrease, from intake to WTP.s exit [second path] was the greatest 69.8 +/- 3.9% and the common WTP process had capability of removing 35% of DOC. The first path also showed that PAC can reduce 33 +/- 2% DOC of raw water by itself. Activated-carbon absorption results were adhered from Freundlich adsorption isotherm. In the third path there was less DOC removal efficiency than excepted when Activated-Carbon injected in rapid mixed basin with coagulant. Powdered activated carbon porosity reduction due to effect of coagulant can be the reason for this issue. Also according to different paths, the point of intake is more suitable for powdered activated carbon addition