[ effect of artemisia sieberi besser on infkammatory and neurogenic pain in mice]

Nowadays herbal therapy for pain relevance is the matter of considerable propensity. Artemisia sieberi Besser is one of the herbal medication which has been consider as a pain reliever in Iranian traditional medicine, which needs further scientific investigations. In this study the antinociceptive effect of hydro alcoholic Artemisia sieberi Besser extract [AE] was assessed by using formalin test in mice. 42 male mice were divided into 7 groups. Interaperitoneal administration of distilled water to control group, vehicle to negative sham group, 1, 2 mg/kg morphine to positive sham groups and 40, 400, and 4000 mg/kg AE to test groups were performed. 25 alpha l of 2% formalin was then injected into the plantar surface of animal's hind limb and the animal's pain behavior for one hour was assessed. Mean pain scores in each five minute time block calculated for each animal were statistically analyzed. In acute phase mean pain score animals receiving 4000 mg/kg AE was significantly less than control groups p<0.05. The antinociceptive effect of AE was more prominent in the chronic phase so the analgesic effect of 4000 mg/kg AE was significantly more than 2 mg/kg. The data collected from this study indicates the analgesic effect of AE which is more significant in chronic phase and this effect may be due to anti-inflammatory ingredients in AE which needs to be more investigated

Molecular analysis of the nucleocapsid gene and 3[1] untranslated region of two infectious Bronchitis Virus field isolates from Iranian poultry farms

Infectious bronchitis [IB] is an economically important disease of chickens. Due to the emergence of new variants of infectious bronchitis virus [IBV], the control of IB has become a serious problem for the poultry industry worldwide. In the present study, the nucleocapsid gene [N] and 3' untranslated region [UTR] of two IBVs isolated from Iranian poultry farms were sequenced and compared with other IBV strains. Based on nucleotide identity, the N gene and 3' UTR sequences of Iranian IBVs showed 90% similarity to the commonly used IBV vaccine strains, H52 and HI20. However, based on phylogenetic analyses, Iranian IBVs were found to cluster separately from the IBV vaccine strains used in Iran as well as other IBVs isolated in China, Australia and the United States. It was concluded that IBVs circulating in Iran are genetically distinct from IBV vaccine strains that have been used in Iran for many years. Therefore, it is important to develop a new vaccine based on these newly identified strains for controlling IB in Iranian poultry farms

[Comparative evaluation of PCR and standard serological methods in detection of brucellosis in cattle]

Brucellosis is one of the most dangerous infectious zoonotic diseases which at present affect most areas of Iran directly or indirectly. The aim of the present study was evaluate the efficacy of PCR test in detection of brucellosis. Suspected animal sera [n=20] to brucellosis were collected from clinics and subjected to Rose Bengal and Wright Agglutination tests and to PCR analysis. While 6 samples [30%] were positive with titer 1:80. To confirm, all samples were subjected to PCR which revealed 5 samples of 1:80 and 6 samples of less than 1:80 were in agreement with wright test. However, 8 samples of 1:80 and 1 sample of less than 1:80 were in disagreement with wright test. The results of this study revealed that considerable percent of submitted samples were positive for brucellosis and positivity of ones were confirmed with PCR test we have shown 55% agreement between SAT [Standard Agglutrination Test] and PCR results

Evaluation of antibodies levels against Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in the colostrum of non-vaccinated cows in southern Tehran, Iran

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] kit was used for the evaluation of antibodies against Escherichia coliK99, rotavirus and coronavirus in colostrum samples of 240 non-immunized Holstein dairy cows in southern Tehran, Iran. Antibody levels against E. coli K99, coronavirus and rotavirus were higher than a 20% inhibition threshold in 76%, 99% and 100% of samples, respectively. From a total of 240 samples 14 cases [5.83%], 222 cases [92.5%] and 240 cases [100%] showed the strongest positive results [4[+]] for antibodies against E. coli, coronavirus and rotavirus, respectively. These colostrum samples were considered as high titre colostrum. The results showed that only a small number [5.83%] of colostrum samples had enough antibodies to protect the calves against diarrhea due to E. coli K99 after passive transfer. In the cases of rotavirus and coronavirus it was concluded that the colostrum samples obtained from non-immunized, naturally infected cows contained enough antibodies to develop passive immunity against rotavirus and coronavirus in suckling calves

Efficacy of Iranian hydrogel on wound healing in rat as an animal model

Hydrogels are one of the commonly used dressings for chronic ulcers. Nowadays, much therapeutics can be delivered to the wound or circulation by the gels. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Iranian hydrogel in wound healing in rat as an animal model. Thirty four Wistar male rats were anaesthetized and a full thickness circular skin wound was created by excising the dorsum of the rats. The animals were divided into two groups. In the experimental Ir gel group, the wounds were dressed by hydrogel and in the control NS group by conventional moist normal saline gauze. The wound areas were measured on days 1, 3, 7 and 12 for comparing the wound healing rate in the two groups. Laboratory investigation, skin tensile strength and histopathology of the healed tissues were also considered for evaluation. Mean percentages of wound contraction on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days were not significantly different between the two groups. The differences in skin tensile strength, in the two groups, on days 15 and 30 were not significant. Histopathologically, wound repair was excellent in 6 [60%], good in 3 [30%] and poor in 1 [10%] of specimens in control NS group while these figures were 6 [60%], 4 [40%] and 0 [0%] in the Ir gel group respectively and the difference was not statistically significant. The effect of Iranian hydrogel effect on wound healing in rats was identical to moist gauzes. As Iranian hydrogel did not have any adverse effects and was easily removed from the wound, it can be safely used for dressing wounds

chronic effect of Kombucha tea consumption on weight loss in diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is a chronic disease with a relatively high prevalence in many populations throughout the world. Despite the availability of many synthetic drugs many diabetic patients are seeking herbal medications to relieve the symptoms of the disease. Kombucha tea is a fermented remedy which is produced by cultivation of Kombucha mushroom in sweet black tea solution and is consumed by many diabetic patients, but its efficacy and safety has not been scientifically evaluated. This study was conducted to assess the chronic effect of Kombucha Tea consumption on weight loss in diabetic Rats. 42 male diabetic Wistar rats were divided into six groups. DM was induced by streptozotocin [60 mg/kg]. Animals in 1st group [control] had free access to tap water; the 2nd group [sham] consumed sweet black tea solution and the remaining 4 groups [test] received different dilutionts of Kombucha tea [25%, 50%, 75% and 100%] for 15 days instead of tap water. Animals in all groups were weighted before DM induction and in days 1, 3, 7 and 15 post DM inductions. The data were analyzed as Mean +/- SEM of weights in different days and in different groups by using T-test and one way ANOVA. Our results showed that all groups had a significant weight loss due to DM induction [p< 0.05] which continued progressively in control group but in the sham and test groups there was a progressive weight gain during the 15 days of remedy consumption, so there was no significant difference between the weight of animals at the end of experiment and their weight before DM induction [p > 0.05]. There was also not significant difference between the animal's weight in sham and test groups at the end of this period [p > 0.05]. In conclusion our findings indicate that both black tea and Kombucha tea prevent weight loss in diabetic rats which may be due to some active agents in black tea itself

Determination of the lowest valuable titer [Cut-off titer] of antitoxoplasma antibodies for detection of Toxoplasmosis in sheep by ELIS A and IFA tests

To investigate 1] the cut-off liters of antitoxoplasma antibodies through in IgG- ELIS A and IFA tests and 2] application of IgG- ELIS A rather than IFA test for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis [Toxoplasma gondii] in mature sheep. One hundred and ten Iranian mature sheep. The serum samples were examined to determine the final positive dilution of antitoxoplasma antibody by IgG-ELIS A and IFA tests. For this purpose, immunoreactivity of the final positive dilution of each serum with to SAG-1 antigen was determined by western blot analysis. The ELIS A microplate coated with 105 tachyzoites/ well, was incubated with diluted sheep sera. After adding of substrate, enzymatic activity was measured at 492 nm. Samples with higher absorbance values [=2.5 times greater than these values of negative controls] designated as positive.The data obtained from 110 sera with IFA and ELIS A was compared with each other to determine the percentage of agreement between them. Using a chi-square test to show the significant differences between results of IFA and ELIS A. Furthermore, these results were compared to determine the percentage of agreement between them. 24 out of 110 serum samples were concordant positive [21.8%] and 79 cases [70.9%] were concordant negative in both IFA and ELISA. All positive samples exhibited strong reactivity to SAG-1 [30 KD band]. Among 110 serum samples, five discordant ELISA- positive and two discordant IFA- positive sera had no reactivity with SAG-1 band in WB. Moreover, there is 92.7% coincidence between results of ELISA and IFA tests. In this study the lowest valuable titer, for detection of Toxoplasmosis in sheep, was obtained as 1:40 and 1:100 in the IFA and ELISA tests, respectively. Furthermore, immunoreactivity of serum dilutions to S AG-1 antigen in the WB proved to be a useful tool for setting of optimum cut-off liters in the IFA and ELISA tests

[Clinical, biochemical and microbiological findings of calves diarrhea in a diary herd in Suburbs of Tehran]

Objective: Study of the clinical, biochemical and microbiological factors that cause Neonatal calves diarrhea

Animals: A total of 140 diarrheic neonatal calves [under one month and 35 apparently normal calves]

Procedure: Taking stool sample from rectum of the diarrheic calves, and Blood from jugular vein, using standard methods for detection of bacteria and cryptosporidium measurement and the blood biochemical factors

Statistical analysis: Results were repoted by descriptive scales and software SPSS[version 12] and Chi-Square and t-student

Result: Clinical evaluation revealed that 36/4% of diarrheic samples were sever fluid. 42/9% of diarrheic Samples were yellow in color. 87/9% of calves were thin and vivacious. 65.7% diarrheic calves had poor feeding behaviour and 72.8% of diarrheic calves had second degree dehydration. We separated just E.coli from 28/6% and both E.coli and cryptosporidium from 35% of diarrheic fecal samples. k99 Ecoli Consisted 2/1% of separated E.coli bacteria. Biochemical factors such as Ca,Mg, CI, k and Na also measured by routine methods and compared with control group [35 case] .There wasn't any significant difference in Ca, Mg, Cl, K and Na values between the control group and the group that E.coli was isolated from .But these values differed between the control group and the group which E.coli and cryptospordium were isolated from.Comparison between Ecoli and Ecoli and cryptosporidm groups revealed that there is not any difference between Na and k measures .but Ca, Mg and Cl values were different between these two groups

Clinical implications: The diferences between treatment and control groups could be due to severe diarrhea in which E.coli and cryptosporidium have been isolated

[Serologic survey of cattle infected with BVD virus by indirect ELISA and compare the use of milk- ELISA and serum- ELISA in Urmia]

Objective: detecting of seropositive cattle to BVD virus by indirect ELISA using milk and serum samples from individual cows, comparing the use of milk instead of blood serum for determining the BVDV infection in cattle herds

Design: bovine viral diarrhea seroprevalence survey in cattle using milk and serum ELISA by retrospective study

Animals: one hundred and eighty eight milky cows and 45 calves 0.5-2 years old [Native and hybride] from 24 cattle herds in subord of Urmia

Procedure: preparing serum and skim milk for detection of anti- BVDV antibody by indirect ELISA. The sera were diluted 1:25 and the milk samples were used as undiluted. The sera and milk which had OD equal or higher than 2.5 time OD of reference negative control serum and milk, considered as ELISA-positive. The data obtained from 188 matched sets of milk and serum were statistically compared with each other to determine the percentage of correlation between them

Statistical analysis: student's t and chi square tests

Results: out of 188 pairs milk and serum, 52 cases [27.65%] of milk and 59 [31.38%] of serum samples were ELISA positive. The data showed 96% correlation between the results of milk-ELISA and serum-ELISA

Conclusion: the present study showed that milk-ELISA is well performed in compared with serum-ELISA test. However the output of milk-ELISA was 3.72% less than serum-ELISA in detection of animals infected with BVDV, but on significant differences was found between the results gained by milk-ELISA [27.65%] and serum-ELISA [3 1.38%] test by student's t-test. Therefore, the milk can be used instead of serum in ELISA for detection of infected herds as a screening test