Antifungal activity of soil chitinolytic bacilli

Chitin, which is a linear polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine residues, has been the most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose. In recent decades, Chitinases have received increased attention because of their wide range of applications, especially in biological control against fungi. the isolation of bacilli producing chitinolytic enzymes was performed by collecting 40 soil samples from various regions of Gorgan, northern of Iran. The chitinolytic potential of the isolates was indicated by observation of clear zone in colloidal chitin agar medium. Identification of selected strains was performed by polyphasic taxonomy, and subtler identification and sequensing were carried out by extraction DNA. Antifungal effect was evaluated by well method against Candida albicans [ATCC 10231] Aspergillusniger [ATCC 2029] Aspergi/lu sflavus [IR6] Fusarium oxypomm [PTCC 5115] and Alternaria alternata [PTCC 5224]. Nine colonies of chitinase positive bacillus were isolated on choloidal Chitin Agar [CCA] and five of them had antifungal effect. R6 strain had the highest, and R2 and R3 had the lowest effect on fungi. The 16S rRNA sequence of these isolations in comparison with the known bacteria has 95-97% similarity. Some of the soil bacteria can have antagonestic effects on human and phytopathogenic agents existed in soil

Expression of bacillus species isolated phytase gene from soil by PCR method

Recognizing and using of isolated phytase in the soil microorganisms are paramount importance to produce the Phytase enzyme utilized commercially in different industries. This study was conducted to recognize different bacillus j species which are Phytase producers and detection of the gene that can produce this enzyme. Soil samples were gathered through different parts of mountainous areas. The early isolation of bacillus was carried out in Bacillus Medium Agar. After isolating the bacteria and genome extraction, the responsible gene of enzyme producer recognized and amplified by PCR method. The size of this protein and the optimal production situation in supplemental exploitation such as SDS-PAGE and the enzymatic activity of its size were evaluated. Of 40 samples, one bacterium secreting Phytase enzyme was isolated. This bacterium was sequenced and recognized Bacillus Sobtlis species that is classified in STR Genus. The size of protein phytase produced by this gene was about 45 KD and the enzyme activity at 55 degrees was measured about 5.65 in wavelength of 415 I NM. The phytase gene with the size of 1200 bp was propagated. the microorganisms, in natural conditions, produce Phytase enzyme in limited amount and with the quality appropriate to microorganisms. Thus, isolating the bacilli producing Phytase enzyme and purifying this protein are highly significant

Frequency of dermatophytosis in wrestling and body building halls in challous, 2010

One of the most common diseases of keratin tissues is dermatophytosis caused by dermatophyte fungi. Because of being contagious, it has a high prevalence rate in wrestling and body building gyms. This study was designed to evaluate the process of this disease and improve the hygiene of halls. The Samples [N= 540] were obtained from athletes and gyms, and a questionnaire was used to gather information. To identify various specious of dermatophyte, the routine diagnostic procedures, culture media, and supplementary tests were performed. Of samples taken from athletes, 59 wrestlers and 11 body builders suffer from dermatophytosis. Trichophyton tonsurans [%28.81] and Epidermophyton floccosum [%36.36] are the main isolates in wrestlers and body builders. Also the rate of Epidermophyton floccosum [%37.5] is the highest in the samples taken from gym mats and halls. Because of high prevalence of dermatophytosis, pay attention to increase of hygiene and training courses for coaches and athletes are crucially important

[Urinary tract infection prevalence among kidney transplant patients at Shohada Hospital: 11 Years Study]

Background: urinary tract infection [UTI] is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation. The purposes of this study were to determine the causative agents of UTIs and the survival rate among renal transplant recipients

Material and method: we evaluated 214 recipients who underwent transplantation in terms of their urine culture at first month and kidney function at the first year after kidney transplantation during the period 1995 to 2005 at shohada hospital. All patients received prophylaxis with co-trimaxazole. Medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively

Result: from all patients' urine cultures, urinary tract infections were confirmed among 96[44.9%] of them. Bacterial infections were the most frequent etiologies: gram-negative bacilli in 67 [69.7%], gram-positive cocci in 23 [24%], and six fungal [6.3%] infections. In fact, the causative microorganisms were E.coli as the principal isolated agent in 42 cases [43.8%]. The survival rate of the graft at the end of the study period was 92.2%, and the survival rate of the transplant recipient's was94.8%

Conclusion: the incidence of UTI in transplant patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis was high. E.coli was the main agent isolated. UTI, the most frequent post transplantation infection, showed a good prognosis

Risk factors and laboratory diagnostics for post renal transplant tuberculosis: a case-controlled, country-wide study on definitive cases

Tuberculosis [TB] is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. It is usually misdiagnosed because of lack of medical awareness and its infrequency in renal transplant recipients. 44 cases [0.3%] with post-transplant TB out of 12820 patients who had renal transplants performed between 1984 to 2003 were found from the hospital records of 12 major kidney transplantation centers in Iran. These cases were compared with 184 healthy transplant subjects whose transplants were performed by the same surgical team as the controls. The mean age of cases and controls was 37.7 [13-63] and 35.6 [8-67] years [p=0.3], respectively. The mean duration of pre-transplantation hemodialysis was 30.3 [3-168] months in cases and 18.2[1-180] months in controls [p=0.03]. A past history of tuberculosis was detected in 2 cases and 1 control [p=0.3]. The mean doses of initial and maintenance immunosuppressive drugs in cases and controls were not significantly different. A total of 25 cases [56.8%] and 60[32.6%] controls had rejection prior to diagnosis of TB [p=0.004; OR=2.7, CI95%: 1. 3-5.6]. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated increasing risk of post-transplant TB by extending the duration of pre-transplant hemodialysis and the number of post-transplant rejection episodes. Further study is needed to clarify our new findings specifically in respect of different immunosuppressive regimens