Physico-chemical standardisation of market sample of zufa khushk [agastache urticifolia]

In Unani system of medicine Zufa Khushk is in medicinal use since ancient times. There is controversy in botanical identity in between the two plants of same family [Labiatae]. Commonly available Zufa Khushk in north Indian market is botanically identified as Agastache urticifolia [Benth] Kuntze [Giant Hyssopus] but it has been described by some latest authors of Unani literature as Hyssopus officinalis [Common Hyssopus] and standardization of its flower has also been carried out by them. Keeping in view the necessity to provide pure and genuine drug to the patients for better efficiency of the prescribed drug, standardization of the sample drug has been carried out and revealed that actual botanical source of Zufa Khushk is Agastache urticifolia of Labiatae. It has also been studied that in spite of its aromatic nature, the market sample of Zufa Khushk was free from volatile oil

[Neonatal hearing screening with TEOAE in Mashhad city]

Hearing loss diagnosis solely by using the classical methods in neonatal and infants seems to be difficult. Any delay in diagnosis results in reverse effects on speech, language and social cognitive developments. TEOAE and ABR tests are highly recommended to be performed at birth. The aims of this study were early diagnosis, intervention and prevention of linguistic delay that were performed in the three hospitals in mashhad city. This was a descriptive study and neonates in the first 24 hours were screened using the TEOAE test. The cases who failed the first time test were have been rescreened 3 weeks later. If the results in both sessions [screen and re-screen] failed in one or both ears the child would be referred for a complete diagnosis ABR test before 3 month of age. Confirming the presence of mono aural or biaural hearing loss using by the ABR test. Long term follow up and medical/rehabilitative interventions were been programmed and performed before the age of 6 month. From 10016 screened new born 9615 individuals [96%] passed the tests and 401 individual [4%] were referred to the next step. Of those who were referred, only 289 individuals showed up for the re-screening test. From these only 23[8%] newborns were referred to ABR test. In this population the presence of hearing loss was only confirmed in 13 individuals [56%]. Eight of them had profound hearing loss in cochlear, 2 of them had moderate hearing loss in Cochlea, and 3 newborn had sever conductive deficit. Because of the high prevalence of congenital hearing loss, the reverse effects on children development, the availability of accurate tests for diagnosis of hearing loss, and being cost effective, hearing screening of all the neonates are highly recommended at the birth

audit of postoperative minor complications of anesthesia

To look at minor complications attributable to anesthesia in adult surgical patients at our Institution and to identify various contributing factors. Descriptive cross sectional audit. Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Seven hundred and thirty surgical patients undergoing elective surgery were recruited. This was a non-interventional study and data was collected prospectively based on predefined criteria. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, sore throat, headache, drowsiness, phlebitis, dizziness, myalgia, transient nerve palsy, conjunctivitis, ringing of ears, low backache, lip injury, dental injury or any other minor complications were looked at. Nausea, sore throat and vomiting were the highest reported complications. The incidence of nausea, drowsiness and dizziness was less in patients more than sixty years of age. Incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in ASA 1 patients and in surgery lasting less than ninety minutes. Headache and dizziness were reported high in certain surgical specialties. The overall rate of minor complications following anesthesia was 12.6%. No complications were reported by 30% of the study population. The data has given us a benchmark for patient information and will be used for risk reduction in our Department of Anaesthesiology

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva

We report a case of 24yrs old female with unilateral Vulval enlargement. The clinical impression was that of a benign tumour. The microscopic features were that aggressive angiomyxoma showing hypocellular proliferation of fibroblasts. This tumour is aggressive in the sense that it has a propensity for recurrence but usually in the long term. Surgery is the only treatment of choice

Leveling with continuous archwires and its effect on mandibular arch length in extraction and non-extraction cases

To compare the mandibular arch length changes during leveling of curve of Spee in extraction and non-extraction cases. Study Design: Quasi-experimental, interventional. Setting: Orthodontic department, Karachi Medical and Dental College Subjects: Forty cases were divided into extraction and non-extraction group. Depth of curve of Spee and arch length were measured on 40 pretreatment and post-treatment plaster models with the help of sharpened Boley gauge. The arch length proved to be significantly different [P<.022] between extraction and non-extraction cases. During leveling of curve of Spee the mandibular arch length in nonextraction cases significantly increased than in extraction cases

Anatomical variations of internal jugular vein as seen by Site Rite II ultrasound machine-an initial experience in pakistani population

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein [IJV] in Pakistani adult population with the help of Site Rite II ultrasound machine. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The right IJV relation to the carotid artery was visualized at four different landmarks [angle of the mandible, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the supraclavicular area]. Size of IJV in comparison to carotid artery was also seen. In 49 cases the IJV was found in aberrant relation to carotid artery at the angle of the mandible [p value < 0.05], 22 at the thyroid cartilage, 20 at the cricoid cartilage, and 46 at the supraclavicular area [p value < 0.05]. In 93% of cases the IJV was found to be larger than the carotid artery. Care should be taken while cannulating IJV at the angle of the mandible and supra clavicular area by external landmark guided technique. Ultrasound guided technique should be used in every anticipated difficult case