Effect of shade and light curing mode on the degree of conversion of silorane-based and methacrylate-based resin composites

Statement of Problem: The degree of conversion depends on the material composition, light source properties, distance from light source, light intensity, curing time, and other factors such as shade and translucency

Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated the effects of different light- curing modes and shades of methacrylate and silorane-based resin composites on the degree of conversion of resin composites [DC]

Materials and Methods: The methacrylate-based [Filtek Z250, 3M, ESPE] and low-shrinkage silorane-based [Filtek P90, 3M, ESPE] resin composites were used in three groups as follows: group 1-Filtek Z250 [shade A3], group 2-Filtek Z250 [shade B2], and group 3-Filtek P90 [shade A3]. We used a light-emitting diode [LED] curing unit for photopolymerization. 10 samples were prepared in each group to evaluate the degree of conversion; 5 samples were cured using soft-start curing mode, and the other 5 were cured using standard curing mode. The DC of the resin composites was measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FTIR]. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and one- way ANOVA statistical tests

Results: The degree of conversion of silorane-based resin composite was 70 - 75.8% and that of methacrylate-based resin composites was 60.2 - 68.2% [p = 0.009]. The degree of conversion of the composite with brighter colour [B2] was statistically more than the darker composite [A3]. Higher degree of conversion was achieved applying the standard curing mode

Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the colour and type of the resin composite and also the curing mode influence the degree of conversion of resin composites

[Relation between pattern of nutrient intake and obesity in Isfahanian Adults: SEPAHAN study]

Background and Objective: The growing evidence suggest on the association between dietary patterns and obesity. This study was done to determine the relation between pattern of nutrient intake and obesity in Isfahanian adults

Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 8,691 subjects aged 18-55 years. Complete data of 6,724 and 5,203 adults were available for general and abdominal obesity, respectively. Daily intakes of 38 nutrients and bioactive compounds were calculated for each participant. Factor analysis was applied to derive major nutrient patterns

Results: Three major nutrient patterns were identified: 1] pattern high in fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin B12, vitamin E, zinc, choline, protein, pyridoxine, phosphorus, and pantothenic acid; 2] high in thiamine, betaine, starch, folate, iron, selenium, niacin, calcium, and manganese; and 3] high in glucose, fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber, copper and vitamin K. Men in the highest quintile of the second pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model [95% CI: 0.20-0.76, OR: 0.39, P<0.05]. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant positive association was observed between the third pattern and general obesity among men [95% CI: 1.04-3.04, OR: 1.77, P<0.05], but it was not in women [95% CI: 0.74-1.88, OR: 1.18, P>0.05]

Conclusion: Nutrient patterns were significantly associated with general, but not abdominal obesity in the male Iranians participating in SEPAHAN study

[Effect of evening primrose, vitex agnus and vitamin E on premenstrual syndrome]

Herbal products consumption is increased worldwide. This study was done to compare the effect of Evening Primrose, Vitex agnus and vitamin E on premenstrual syndrome. In this clinical trials study, 210 women with premenstrual syndrome were randomly divided eqaly into Evening Primrose [500 mg, 3 times per day], Vitex agnus [40 mg/day] and vitamin E [400 Iu/day] groups. The subjects were received the thraputic regiment for 2 months. Severity of premenstrual syndrome was recorded for each subject using DSR Dickerson questinare, perior and at the end of intervention. After intervention, severity of premenstrual syndrome was reduced in Evening Primrose group [60.58 +/- 30.6 to 34.09 +/- 19.81], Vitex agnus [61.23 +/- 30.54 to 25.25 +/- 17.78] and the vitamin E group, [61.24 +/- 32.04 to 54.9 +/- 19.24]. Severity of premenstrual syndrome were reduced in the Evening Primrose and Vitex agnus groups in compared to vitamin E group [P<0.05]. Severity of premenstrual syndrome were reduced in Vitex agnus in comparision with Evening Primrose [P<0.05]. Vitex agnus, Evening Primrose and vitamin E can reduce severity of premenstrual syndrome, but therapeutic effect of Vitex agnus is more than Evening Primrose and vitamin E

Reform in medical and health sciences educational system: a Delphi study of faculty members' views at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Despite the strengths in the Iranian medical and health sciences educational system, areas in need of improvement have been noted. The purpose of this study was to understand the views of faculty members at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences about current and future needs for medical and health sciences education, with the goal of improving the quality of the educational system. The data were collected using a Delphi consensus method. Analysis of the findings identified the following key themes among the factors likely to contribute to medical and health sciences education and training: adding and/or increasing student numbers in higher degrees in preference to associate degrees; providing more interactive, student-centred teaching methods; improving the educational content with more practical and research-based courses tailored to society's needs; and an emphasis on outcome-based student evaluation techniques. These changes aim to respond to health trends in society and enhance the close relationship between medical education and the needs of the Iranian society

[Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite incorporation into resin modified glass ionomer cement on ceramic bracket debonding]

Preventing enamel demineralization around brackets is a concern for orthodontists. Fluoride releasing materials have been recommended to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanohydroxyapatite [NHA] into resin modified glass ionomer cements [RMGIC] on ceramic bracket debonding. In this experimental study, 80 human premolars were divided into 4 bonding groups as follows: group 1: Transbond XT [TBXT] [control group], group 2: Fuji II LC [RMGIC], group 3: 5% NHA added to RMGIC and group 4 10% NHA added to RMGIC. After enamel etching, ceramic brackets were bonded. The shear bond strength [SBS] and the adhesive remnant index [ARI] were calculated for each group. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc HSD test and the Kruskal Wallis test. According to ANOVA, 10% NHA added to RMGIC had a significantly lower SBS compared to other groups [11.93 +/- 2.11] but no significant difference was found among the remaining groups. The mean SBS was 17.33 +/- 4.07 MPa in group 1, 17.22 +/- 3.55 MPa in group 2 and 16.56 +/- 2.59 MPa in group 3. According to ARI, the predominant failure mode in RMGIC groups was cohesive. Resin modified glass ionomer cements containing 5% NHA can be as effective as composite resins for bonding ceramic brackets

[Effect of Methadone therapy on QTc interval in electrocardiogram of opioid addicted patients]

Methadone is a synthetic opioid which is used in opium addiction therapy and relief of acute and chronic pain. Side effects of Methadone were reported on heart and induction of Torsade De Pointes disease and increase QTc interval in electrocardiogram. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Methadone therapy on QTc interval in electrocardiogram and its relationship with dosage and duration of Methadone therapy.This cohort study was conducted on 60 opium addicted patients [57 males, 3 females] whom referred to "Methadone Therapy Clinic" in 5 Azar teaching hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2009-10. Patients were divided to three groups based on the dosage of methadone: 0-35 mg [27 cases], 35-55 mg [27 cases] and 55-120 mg [26 cases] per day. QTc interval in electrocardiogram was measured at the beginning of study, one month and 5 months afterward. The mean +/- SD of QTc interval in patients at the beginning, one month and 5 months afterward of study was 0.42 +/- 0.027, 0.43 +/- 0.029 and 0.43 +/- 0.041 seconds, respectively. There was a significant increase in QTc interval after one month of methadone therapy, compared to the beginning of study. There was no significant difference in QTc interval between 1 month and 5 months following methadone therapy. There was no significant difference between QTc interval and different dosage of methadone. Methadone therapy increase QTc interval but there is not any relationship between dosage and duration of methadone therapy and QTc interval

[Studying VSX1 gene mutations in patients with keratoconus of chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran]

Background and Aims: Keratoconus [KC] is an eye disorder in which the cornea is swollen, thinned and deformed. Despite extensive studies, the pathophysiological processes and genetic etiology of KC is unknown. The disease incidence is approximately 1 in 2000 and is the most common cause of corneal transplantation in the US. Many genes are involved in the disease, but evidence suggests a major role for VSX1 in the etiology of KC. This study aimed to determine the frequency of mutations in exons 2, 4 of the VSX1 gene in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran

Methods: In this experimental study, mutations in two exons including exons 2 and 4 of VSX1 were investigated in 50 patients with KC. DNA was extracted using a standard phenol-chloroform method. PCRSSCP/HA was performed, followed by DNA sequencing to confirm the identified motility shift

Results: H244R mutation was identified in exon 4 of only one patient

Conclusion: Our investigation showed that the KC-related VSX1 mutations are found in very small samples in the study subjects from Iran. Further investigations on other genes are needed to clarify their roles in KC pathogenesis

Dual addictions, parallel treatments: nicotine replacement therapy for patients receiving methadone treatment in the Islamic Republic of Iran

This parallel, randomized, open-ended clinical trial tested the impact of nicotine replacement pharmacotherapy during the course of methadone treatment among opiate abusers. A total of 424 men entered the study at 4 drug treatment centres in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. The intervention group received a 6-week regimen of nicotine replacement pharmacotherapy at no charge. After 6 months, 211 persons [99.5%] in the control group continued to smoke and 1 person [0.5%] had quit. In the intervention group, 117 [55.1%] persons smoked, 15 [7.1%] persons had quit and 80 [37.7%] had reduced by more than 50% the number of cigarettes they smoked at the start of the study [P < 0.0001]. The findings suggest that the use of nicotine replacement pharmacology in tandem with methadone maintenance treatment can lead to dramatically improved efficacy for treatment of dual addictions

Obstacles to undertaking research and their effect on research output: a survey of faculty members' views at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

To improve the quality of research, it is necessary to understand the obstacles to undertaking research. This study aimed to identify: i] internal obstacles to research as considered by faculty members at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; ii] differences between their viewpoints by gender and professional variables; and iii] the effect of these obstacles on research activity. Six types of obstacle were considered: financial, facility-related, occupational, managerial-organizational, scientific and personal. The study sample consisted of 240 participants selected from all 550 faculty members of the University. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire; the response rate was 91%. All 6 types of obstacle were considered to affect research activities by most of the respondents, with 90% identifying financial obstacles. There were significant differences by gender, scientific rank, field of study, and holding executive responsibilities but not for durations of work experience. Despite these numerous obstacles to conducting research, respondents did not think their research output was affected

Avicenna and cataracts: a new analysis of contributions to diagnosis and treatment from the canon

Physicians in ancient Persia played an important role in the development of medicine in the medieval era. One of the most influential figures of this era was Abu Ali Sina or Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the western world. The author of more than 200 books on medicine and philosophy, Avicenna followed and further expanded on the tradition of western philosophy and medicine introduced by Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen. Few researchers have looked into the different medical issues in his best known work, the Canon of Medicine, particularly with regard to ophthalmology. In this analysis, Avicenna's views on and contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of cataracts in his Canon were elucidated. We first reviewed an electronic copy of the Canon and then reviewed other important sources in traditional medicine including the Kamel-al-Sanaeh, Al-Havi [Continents] and Zakhireh-kharazmshahi, available in the Avicenna Special Traditional Medicine Library of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. We also searched Med-line, Embase, Scopus, Iranmedex and Science Iranian Database [SID] with these keywords: "traditional medicine," "Avicenna," "cataract", "Canon", "history", "ophthalmology" and "eye disorders". According to the Canon, nozulalmaa or cataract is an obstructive disease in which external moisture accumulates between the aqueous humor and the corneal membrane and prevents images from entering the eye. Avicenna classified cataracts on the basis of size, density and color. According to size, he identified two types of cataracts including complete and partial obstruction. According to the Canon, surgical intervention was necessary only for certain indications. Avicenna believed that opacity in the initial stages of cataract could be diminished by medicines and foods, and described several medicines for cataracts. He believed that surgery should be postponed until the liquid accumulation stopped, and the cataract reached its mature state. After surgery, according to Avicenna, the patient should avoid headache-inducing situations because headaches could lead to edema of the layers of the eye. He further emphasized that the patient's psychological status played an important role in the success of surgery. An important aspect of Avicenna's contribution to the medical management of cataracts was that he believed they could be cured by medication and nutrition in their early stages without the need for surgery. He also considered the patient's mental status as an important factor contributing to the postoperative prognosis. Our review of Avicenna's writings on eye disorders in the Canon of Medicine suggests that he had a rigorous approach to the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from eye disorders

[Coronary artery lesions and some of its related factors in more than 5000 patients in Kosar angiography center [Golestan province] from 2007 to 2009]

Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death in Iran and most parts of the world. Major factors are involved in severity and extension of arterial obstruction. There have been different reports about location and severity of coronary artery lesions. This study determines factors related to the severity of coronary artery obstruction in the patients in Kosar Angiography Center. This was a descriptive analytical study and included 5444 patients. The characteristics of every patient were recorded in a check list. After measurement of blood pressure of the patients and recording history of hypertension, diabetes and drug consumption, data were introduced into a special software and then SPSS [16.00] software. Data analysis was performed by ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. p

[ effect of four medicinal plants on performance and concentration of serum lipids in broiler chicks]

The usage of "growth promoter" antibiotics has been banned recently. This is due to the possibility of bacterial resistance and the risk of transferring to consumers. Herbs with antimicrobial and hypolipidemic properties can suggest as proper alternatives for antibiotic. Comparative investigation of growth promoting effect of four medicinal plants [Cuminum L., Mentha piperita L., Achillea L., Teucrium Polium L.] on performance and concentration of serum lipids of broiler. Total 280 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were used in a CRD design with 5 treatments, and 4 replicates and 56 birds per each treatment. Cuminum, Mentha piperita, Achillea and Teucrium Polium was added to diets in levels of 1.5, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 percent, respectively. A treatment without any additive was considered as control group. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at 35 days of age. Among the medicinal plants that used in this study, inclusion Mentha piperita in finisher diets increased feed intake [2196.4 g] and weight gain [1005.3 g], significantly [p < 0.05]. At total rearing period, addition of Teucrium Polium to diets decreased weight gain [1821.3 g] of chicks compared to control [1963.7 g], decreased total cholesterol [151.33 mg/dl] and LDL [29.06 mg/dl]; but it increased HDL [120.16 mg/dl] of serum [p < 0.05]. The results of this experiment suggest that Mentha piperita L., in diet, improves broiler performance compared to control and it can be used as growth promoter in broiler nutrition

[Sealant microleakage evaluation of three common fissure preparation methods]

Statement of Problem: In order to decrease microleakage, several preparation methods and cleaning techniques are used on the tooth surface before sealant application has been advocated. These techniques are pumice prophylaxis, fissure enameloplasty, adhesive, laser and air abrasion

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate microleakage of three different preparation techniques before acid etching and pit and fissure sealant application

Materials and Method: Sixty extracted sound third molars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 each. The teeth were prepared using 1 of the 3 occlusal surface treatments, 1] traditional pumice prophylaxis 2] fissure enameloplasty 3] air abrasion and acid etching. Then the sealant [Clinpro] was applied on the occlusal fissures of all the teeth based on the manufacturer's recommendations. The teeth were thermocycled between 5 and 55 degrees C for 500 cycles with a dwell time of 30 seconds and then stored in normal saline. All the teeth were sealed apically and coated within 1.5 mm of the sealant margin with two layers of nail varnish. They were then immersed in a 0.5% solution of fushin for 24 hours to allow dye penetration into the possible gaps between the enamel and sealant. Buccolingual cuts were made parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The surfaces were scored 0 to 2 for the extent of microleakage using a stereomicroscope. The results were analyzed through mann-Withney test and Mann-Whitney U test

Results: Pretreatment with air abrasion produced the lowest microleakage scores. In the control group, 46.7% microleakage was shown, in the pumice prophylaxis group 40% and in the enameloplasty group 53.3%. There was no significant difference in microleakage between the 3 fissure preparation methods prior to sealant placement [p >0.05]

Conclusion: Neither air abrasion nor enameloplasty followed by acid etching produced significantly less fissure sealant microleakage as compared to the traditional pumice prophylaxis technique

[People awareness of hypertension in Golestan province, north of Iran [2006]]

Hypertension is considered as a major public health problem in most countries due to its association with ischemic heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine people awareness of hypertension in Golestan province of Northern Iran. This cross sectional population based study carried out on 2497 subjects [15-65 years old] including 1500 men and 1247 women in Golestan province- Northern Iran during 2006. The subjects were chosen by proportional-cluster sampling based on sex and age groups. The subjects were interviewed, antropometric indexes and serum biochemical factors were evaluated. Blood pressure was measured three times with 5 minutes interval and defined based on JNC-7 classification. Serum cholesterol and fast blood sugar [FBS] were determined using laboratory kits [enzymatic methods], and spectrophotometery technique. Data was analyzed by SPSS-16 software and Chi-Square test. In general, the prevalence of hypertension in this region was 23.9%. With higher rate among women urban area by 3.3% and 5% respectively. Only 48.7% of hypertensive patients were aware of their disease and that was significantly more in women than men [P<0.001]. Low physical activity, chronical age, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, general obesity, central obesity and illiteracy were the risk factor for hypertension morbidity [P<0.05]. This study showed, in spite of prevalency of hypertension among 20% of subjects in this area only 48.7% of them were aware about their disorder

[Epidemiological survey of confirmed influenza A [H1N1] in Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities during 2009-10]

The first outbreak of Influenza A [H1N1], the first pandemic influenza in the present century, in Iran was in Kashan in July 2009. This study was carried out to describe the stages of spread and also the outcome of influenza A [H1N1] in terms of incidence and death in Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities during 2009-10. In this case series-study of confirmed influenza A [H1N1], clinical and demographic data of all confirmed cases were recorded using SPSS software and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. The total number of confirmed cases [mean and median of age were 29.8 +/- 18.7 and 26 years, respectively] was 86 with a male/female ratio of 1:1. Among the 7 cases who died [mortality rate: 8.1%] the mean age for death was 46.9 +/- 27.9 years, though greater than that of the recovered cases [30.01 +/- 18.1 years], but non-significant statistically. Beginning of new educational year for schools was identified as the most important factor in spread of the disease. Considering the mortality rate and other related variables, no significant difference was seen between Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities compared to other countries. However, comparing the present findings with the findings of other domestic medical universities can disclose the reasons for disparities. Moreover, a 10 week time interval between the first outbreak and the peak for pandemy highlights the presence of an efficient surveillance system for disease control

Epidemiologic features of retinoblastoma in Shiraz, southern Iran

Retinoblastoma [RB] is the most common primary intraocular cancer of childhood. There is no published report on this affliction at our center as a referral center in southern Iran. This study aimed to perform a 15 years epidemiological assessment of RB, in Fars Province, Southern Iran. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of all patients with RB diagnosed in Khalili Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Southern Iran. All available pathologic slides were reviewed and staging of tumors were revised using the TNM classification of 2008. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled in this study [46.3% females and 53.7% males]. Among the cases, 71.6% had unilateral and 28.8% bilateral RB. The mean age of symptom presentation and diagnosis were 20.5 +/- 16.5 and 26.3 +/- 20.1 months, respectively, which were significantly lower in bilateral cases. Leukocoria was the most common presenting symptom [56.7%], followed by strabismus [10.4%]. The result of histopathological review showed that RB in 70% of patients was at T1, T2 and T3 stage, but 30% were at T4 stage. Demographic and clinical variables of RB under the present study are comparable with published reports but our patients were diagnosed at the later stage, leading to poorer prognosis. It is necessary to expand the existing organizations into a comprehensive population-based registry system to obtain a clearer picture of the epidemiology of RB in our region

[Coronary arteries angiography findings of subjects referring to Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Iran [2008-09]]

Cardiovascular diseases is the first cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. This study was done to determine findings of coronary arteries angiography of subjects referring to Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Iran. In this descriptive study 5444 patients whome referred to the Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Northern Iran undervent in this study during 2008-09. Gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index [BMI], cigarette smoking, opium, hypertension and coronary arteries angiography findings were completed for each subjects. Coronary arteries angiography was performed on 5400 of subjects. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-13, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In this study 52% of subjects were men. 72% of patients were Native Fars. 49.5% of subjects were found to be illiterate. While 92.6% of clients did not reported any history of smoking, 22.5% of subjects were addicted to different opium. The mean BMI was 27.48 and 38.2% of clients reported a history of hypertension. Coronary arteries angiography was performed on 5400 of subjects. Coronary arteries disorders were determined in 3142 of subjects [58.8% males, 41.2% females]. Left anterior descending, right coronary artery, circumflex and obtuse marginal were the most involved coronary arterial branches in positive angiograms, respectively.The most severe failure [47.7%] has been found in left anterior descending artery. Due to high incidence of coronary arteries disease in this region of Iran, it is suggested to design a project to investigate the preventive mearsures of cardiovascular disorders

Survival of male breast cancer in Fars, south of Iran

Although breast cancer in men is uncommon, its incidence rates has an increasing trend. Due to its low incidence, there are few studies in this subject and limited information is available. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and survival of male breast cancer [MBC] in Fars Province, south of Iran. The data for this study were obtained from the population based cancer registry of Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz hospitals between January 1, 1989 and January 1, 2008, including 64 patients with MBC. Demographic, clinical and pathological aspects were investigated. The Kaplan-Meler method was used for the determination of survival rate and Log Rank test for the comparison. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multiple analysis. The patients' mean age at the time of diagnosis was 60,3 years [SD=12.7]. The most frequent age group [26.6%] was 51-60 years. The most common symptom [96.8%] was a palpable mass. The majority of patients [44.4%] had a symptom duration of less than or equal to 6 months. 56.3% of the patients had a tumor size of 2-4.9 cm. Forty six percent of the cases had axillary lymph node involvement. The median survival time was 10.0 years [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0-14.0]. The 5 year overall survival rate was 66.0% [95% CI=51.08-81.0%]. The median survival time of patients with axillary lymph node involvement was 8.2 years [95% CI=6.7-9.6] and for the cases without involvement was 12.0 years [95% CI=8.4-15.2]. In addition to axillary lymph node involvement, positive family history in contrast to negative family history and left tumors in comparison with right tumors were poorer prognostic factors in univariate analysis respectively [p=0.006, p=0.031]. In multiple analysis, axillary lymph node involvement was an independent predictor of poorer survival [Hazard ratio=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-6.4, p=0.030] and the other variables did not have a significant effect. The mean age of MBC in this series is lower than that in western countries. It is compatible to the mean age of female breast cancer which is approximately one decade less than that in developed countries. The survival rate of MBC is relatively lower than that in western countries. Axillary lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor in the survival of MBC. Multicenter population based studies with greater number of patients are required for better estimation of different aspects of MBC in Iran

ABO blood groups distribution and cardiovascular major risk factors in healthy population

This study was designed to investigate whether there was an association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy population. In this cross-sectional study, risk factors screening for cardiovascular disease [CVD] on 5000 healthy persons of Golestan Province, northern Iran, in 2005 was estimated by a questionnaire that included age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, blood group type [if they had blood laboratory tests], weight, height, blood pressure and family history of coronary artery disease [CAD]. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 and by using Chi Square and ANOVA tests. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Amongst 5000 subjects, 2920 had blood laboratory tests and their types of blood group were known. Of the total of 2920, 57.4% were male, 70% were inactive, 14% were smoker, 25% were hypertensive, 23% obese, 21% had family history of CAD and mean age was 41.52 +/- 12.317. Blood group O[32.9%], A[30.1%], B[23.3%] and AB [13.7%], respectively had most frequency. Amongst cardiac risk factors, only frequency of family history of CAD in individual with different blood groups was different [P<0.01] and individual with A blood group reported more family history of CVD versus other blood groups. Amongst cardiovascular risk factors, only family history of CAD had significant relation with ABO