[Changes in buffalo serum and hepatic lipid parameters in response to food restriction]

Background: Negative energy balance in cow occurs in transitional period, highyielding dairy cows immediately after calving and feed restriction. In response to energy demand cow mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue causing an increase in the circulation of NEFA. Increased blood NEFA is associated with low glucose, high free fatty acids and ketone bodies as well as lipid and lipoprotein disturbances in the blood. Does buffalo follows the same as cow, is not yet cleared

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of starvation on some lipid parameters in serum and liver of buffalos in Ahwaz

Methods: Five two-year-old male buffalos with average body weight of 200 kg were fattened with a diet containing alpha, barely, wheat, and maze for 8 weeks and then they were fastened for 8 days. During fasting period the animals had free access to barely and water. After fasting period the buffalos were again fattened for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein during the first and second fattening period with 20 days intervals and every day in the fasting period. Plasma samples were obtained, stored, and analyzed for glucose, BHBA and NEFA using standard kits. The liver of each buffalo was sampled at the beginning and end of feed restriction period and sent to the laboratory for the measurement of the liver TG content. Analyses of variance were carried out to compare mean values in fed and fasted periods

Results: The results of present study revealed that there were no significant differences in plasma NEFA,BHBA and liver TG concentration before and after feed restriction [p>0.05], but there was significant difference in plasma glucose [p

Conclusions: It appears that in the period of food depravation, buffalos are essentially able to cope with these hard conditions probably through control of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis at the aim of preventing metabolic disorders particularly fatty liver. The results of the present research reveal probably for the first time, this inheritance phenomenon with the emphasis of further research

[Comparison of post-operative nausea, vomiting and laryngospasm in children using control ventilation and spontaneous respiration anesthetic methods]

Post-operative nausea vomiting [PONV] and laryngospasm are the most common of complication following surgery. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of laryngospasm and PONV after pediatric infra umbilical surgery using two anesthetic methods: control ventilation and spontaneous respiration. This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 192 children with 2-7 year-old undergoing infra-umbilical surgery of ASA-I class with the estimated operation period of an hour in Tehran pediatric hospital, Tehran-Iran during 2009-10. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: controlled ventilation and spontaneous respiration. After anesthetization, Atracurium was injected to the control ventilation [CV] group and anesthesia continued with mechanical ventilation. For the patients of the second group [spontaneous respiration/SR], after the gradual increase of the dose of halothane and certainty of the optimal depth of anesthesia, patients were intubated to allow spontaneous respiration. After intubation, all patients were anesthetized with Halothane 1-2% and the N[2]O/O[2]. The rate of nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm, excessive post-operative discharge was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13, student's t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Post-operative nausea was non significantly higher in CV group [8%] than SR [6.52%]. The rate of vomiting was higher in CV [16%] as compared to SR group [2.17%]. [P<0.001, RR=8.57, CI: 1.91-38.41]. The rate of laryngospasm at the end of the surgery was higher in CV group [15.21%] as compared to SR group [26%] [P<0.02, RR=0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77]. The rate of excessive discharge at the end of the surgery was significantly higher in CV group [52%] in comparison with SR group [11.95%] [P<0.001, RR=0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77]. This study showed that in infra-umbilical surgeries in a period of less than an hour the incidence of post-operative vomiting and laryngospasm is higher in control ventilation group than spontaneous respiration group, which might be due to the injection of neostigmine to counter-act the effects of muscle relaxants

Preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acids on ethinyl estradiol induced hepatosteatosis in female wistar rat

Hepatic steatosis due to estrogen therapy increases the activity of inflammatory markers, particularly the activity of TNF alpha -which in turn induces more lipogenesis. Omega-3 fatty acids are among the negative regulators of hepatic lipogenesis. In this research, the preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acids on estrogen-induced steatosis in rats was evaluated. 2 mg/kg. BW/SC of 17 alpha-ethiny-lestrasdiol were injected into 25 female wistar rats in 5 equal groups [excluding the control group] over 10 consecutive days. Simultaneously, 3 of estradiol-treated groups were orally given 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. BW omega-3 fatty acids, respectively. At the end of the experiment, plasma ALT, AST, and TNF alpha level were determined. Histopathological changes in the liver were also identified by the evaluation of samples stained with H and E and Oil Red O. The histological findings revealed hepatic microvesicular steatosis and fat deposit in ethinylestradiol and, to a lesser extent, in the 250 mg/kg BW omega-3 fatty acids groups. The plasma levels of AST, ALT, and TNF alpha -significantly increased in the ethinylestradiol group compared to the control [p<0.05] and 1000 mg/kg. B.W omega-3 group. Omega-3 fatty acids reduced these parameters in comparison to the estradiol group [p<0.05]. It was concluded that 1000mg/kg.BW of omega-3 protects the liver against steatotic injuries

effects of fasting on some biochemical factors of liver, serum and clinical signs in cattle

Fasting is an alternative method to induce anorexia. The biochemical factors of liver and serum and clinical signs were measured and documented in five non-lactating, non-pregnant cows following eight days of fasting. Five crossbred, non-lactating, and non-pregnant cattle were used in this study. They were fasted for 8 days_ total food deprivation; however, they had free access to water. Liver biopsies were carried out one day before food deprivation [day 0] and 8 days after food deprivation by ultrasound-guided biopsy. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before and during fasting. The concentrations of triglyceride [TG], total lipids, glycogen, phospholipids, and total protein in liver and NEFA, BHBA, TG, total cholesterol, glucose, total lipid, APO A1, and APO B in blood serum were measured and compared. The results of this study showed that fasting for 8 days reduces respiratory rate by 52% and heart rate by 12.5% and has no significant effect on rectal temperature. The concentrations of the liver triglyceride [TG] and glycogen significantly increased [p=0.046] and decreased [p=0.007] on day 8, respectively. There were no significant differences in the content of liver phospholipids [p=0.83], total lipids [p=0.29], and total protein [p=0.23]. The serum concentrations of NEFA and BHBA increased significantly [p=0.008] at the end of fasting period. No significant differences in the concentrations of serum TG [p=0.057], total cholesterol [p=0.93], glucose [p=0.108], total lipid [p=0.27], APO A1 [p=0.762], and APO B [p=0.92] were noticed on days 0 and 8. The results of the present study showed that fasting, like anorexia [as a result of diseases], induces fat mobilization from adipose tissue in response to the induced negative energy balance

Feeding effect of cholesterol in the diet on sex hormones concentrations and the gonads' growth of yearling common carp [Cyprinus carpio]

There are some evidences that cholesterol can affect fish reproductive system. In this study the effect of high diet cholesterol on fish sex hormones and gonads weight was investigated. A randomized experiment was conducted on 90 immature common carp. The fishes were divided into three groups with three replicates each [control, 0.5% cholesterol diet, and 1% cholesterol diet]. After one-month feeding, progesterone, estrogen and testosterone were measured. The level of progesterone in control group, 0.5% cholesterol and 1% cholesterol diet were 1.83 +/- 0.42, 2.45 +/- 0.38 and 2.62 +/- 0.52 ng/ml, respectively. Also the level of estrogen in control group, 0.5% and 1% cholesterol diet were 3670.34 +/- 186.26, 3791.20 +/- 98.48, and 3836.78 +/- 81.74 pg/ml, respectively., while those of testosterone levels were 1.75 +/- 0.319, 2.09 +/- 0.425, and 2.25 +/- 0.321 ng/ml, respectively. The highest and the lowest body weight and gonad weight were observed in fish fed% 1 cholesterol and the control, respectively. The results showed positive effects of cholesterol on sexual hormones, the 0.5% cholesterol diet and the 1% cholesterol diet did not show any significant difference in the sexual hormones levels. The results indicated that the effect of cholesterol on the these sex hormones, gonad weight, body length and body weight was significant [p<0.01]. We can conclude that diets of 0.5% cholesterol can be used to increase the amount of sexual hormones in common carp

[Preventive effect of Iranian green and black tea on diet induced obesity in rats]

Traditional medicine can be considered as a method to reduce dietary obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of Iranian green and black tea on diet induced obesity. Twenty four male Wistar rats [180 +/- 20 g] were divided into four groups. Control group was fed with rat regular diet [4% fat], and the three reminder groups were fed by high fat diet [25% fat]. While control [C] and a high fat group [HF] had ad libitum access to water, the rest high fat groups had free access to drinking black tea [HF+BT] or green tea [HF+GT] instead of water. Eight week later rats were euthanized, weighed and their abdominal fat and organs separated and weighed. While Feed intake showed significant decrease in HF group compared with the control group [99.25 +/- 12.03 vs. 113.59 +/- .14.40 g/day; p<0.05], the levels of energy intake [454.54 +/- 55.09 vs. 405.52 +/- 51.43 kcal/day; p<0.05] and weight showed increase [283.33 +/- 13.84 vs.223.33 +/- 15.11g; p<0.05]. Green and black tea made decrease in body weight gain compared to the HF group [71.67 +/- 1.61g and 57 +/- 12.95 vs. 104.33 +/- 21.75 g; p<0.05]. However, the abdominal fat was just lower in HF+BT group than the HF group [2.90 +/- 0.56 vs. 4.19+.77g; p<0.05]. Consumption of Iranian black and green tea may help to regulate body weight and reduce weight gain induced by high caloric food

[ comparison of the effect of oral and injectable copper preparations on serum copper status in sheep]

Clinical observations and studies have confirmed copper deficiency in Khuzestan Province, Iran. This study evaluates the efficacy of copper preparations in the treatment of copper deficiency in sheep. The study was carried out on 180 ewes in a flock with records of enzootic ataxia in their lambs in Ramhormoz. The ewes were randomly divided into 3 groups of sixty: The control group [Group 1]; the oral treatment group [Group 2]; and, the injection treatment group [Group 3]. The ewes in Group 2 received a 4 g capsule of copper oxide orally and the ewes in Group 3 received 50mg of calcium copper edentate by subcutaneous injection. The copper compounds were given before the release of ram into the flock. Blood samples were taken at the start and 2.5 months after the start of the study; and, during lambing time. Blood copper and ceruloplasmin content were measured. In all groups, at the start of experiment, the mean blood copper was near 3 micro mol/L. This measurement indicates functional copper deficiency or hypocuprosis and the mean blood ceruloplasmin was at the lowest level of the normal range. The blood copper and ceruloplasmin levels in the second and third sampling times in groups 2 and 3 showed significant elevations [p<0.05]. No significant differences were seen in the blood concentrations of copper and ceruloplasmin between the second and third sampling times for groups 2 and 3. This study showed that a hypocuprosis presents among sheep raised in the area and there was a partial response to a single dose of copper compounds. Therefore, repeated doses of copper compounds are recommended if hypocuprosis is diagnosed in any flock of sheep in the Khuzestan Province area

[Effect of teucrium polium ethyl acetate extract on energy consumption and obesity parameters in high sucrose diet rats]

Excessive caloric intake as a result of carbohydrate over feeding is the main cause of obesity. Recently, more attention has been given to the influence of herbal medicines for prevention and treatment of obesity. Teucrium polium [Calpoure] has been hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. At present study, the effect of T. polium ethylacetate extract that known as hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent has been investigated on obesity parameters sucrose-induced rats. In this Experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighting 180 20 g were divided into 5 groups. Four groups obtained sucrose 50% in drinking water for 10 weeks. After 8[th] week, 3 randomly selected groups were treated with ethylacetate extract of T. polium for 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Sham animal group was fed using normal rat chow. After ten weeks, animals were euthanized and physical parameters have also been evaluated. The results have been shown that in control group food intake and energy consumption in comparison with the other groups, increased and decreased respectively. Sham animal group in comparison with the other groups, the weight of heart, body and abdominal fat pad, also leptin particularly were significantly increased. On the other side, it has been shown that the using T. polium ethylacetate extract significantly decreased the weight of heart, body, abdominal fat pad and Blood levels Leptin in a relatively dose-dependent way. This study showed that the using of T. polium ethylacetate extract with dose of 100 and 200 mg /kg for 2 weeks cause reduction in obesity parameters

Intrathecal fentanyl added to lidocaine for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia- a randomised clinical trial

The addition of opioids to local anesthetics improves the analgesic potency of spinal analgesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal fentanyl 15 micro g when added to lidocaine 80 mg in patients undergoing Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Forty healthy parturients scheduled for elective Cesarean section using 80 mg of 5% lidocaine were randomly allocated to additionally receive intrathecal fentanyl 15 micro g or 0.9% saline, as control. Characteristics of spinal block, intraoperative quality of spinal anesthesia, side effects, time of first feeling of pain [complete analgesia] and time to first request of analgesics [effective analgesia] were assessed. Duration of sensory block was prolonged in the fentanyl group [p < 0.05]. The quality of intraoperative analgesia was also better. Incidence of side effects did not differ between groups. Duration of complete analgesia [140.2 +/- 29.06 minutes vs 77.90 +/- 20.21 minutes: P < 0.001] and effective analgesia [195.50 +/- 34.06 minutes vs 98.05 +/- 23.48 minutes: P < 0.001] were prolonged in fentanyl group. Adding fentanyl 15 micro g to lidocaine 80 mg for spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section, improves the quality of intraoperative analgesia and increases the duration of analgesia in the early postoperative period without increasing maternal or neonatal side effects

Ocular side effects of desferal in patients with beta thalassemia

To evaluate the ocular side effects of desferal in beta-thalassemia major patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 beta-thalassemia major subjects. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, color vision test, and visual field evaluation. Electroretinography [ERG] was performed for 50 patients. Mean patient age was 14.4 years. Only 9 patients complained from ocular problems including nyctalopia [8 subjects] and permanent visual loss [one case], but eye examination revealed abnormalities in 74 subjects including cataract in 43, fundus abnormality in 9; abnormal visual field in 71 with the most common abnormality being paracentral scotoma [64%], and abnormal color vision in 35 with the most common abnormality being tritanopia [81%]. All patients had abnormal ERG with abnormal amplitude of "a" and "b" waves in scotopic phase. There was no significant correlation between age, duration of desferal usage or serum ferritin with ocular findings. All patients who received more than 40 mg/kg/day of desferal had ocular abnormalities. The main risk factor for ocular finding in desferal users is the dosage- ERG and perimetry are useful for early detection of ocular problems in these patients

Comparison of different indicators of iodine deficiency in school children

To compare different indicators of iodine deficiency disorders [IDD] in school children from study sites in Bangladesh Indonesia, Guatemala, and the United States. Cross-sectional surveys were performed in Savar, Bangladesh; Sukabumi, Indonesia; San Pedro Sacatepequez, Guatemala; and Atlanta, United States. In each study site, school children were assessed for thyroid size by palpation and thyroid volume by ultrasonography, urine specimens collected for iodine concentration, and finger stick blood specimens spotted onto filter paper for assessment of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] and thyroglobulin [Tg]. Weights and heights were collected in all sites except Guatemala. Between 305 to 518 school children were surveyed in each site. Indicators based on thyroid size tended to indicate more severe levels of iodine deficiency compared to urinary iodine based on WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD criteria. TSH levels appeared to correlate well with other indicators of IDD whereas Tg did not. In these study sties, it appeared that urinary iodine, thyroid volume [based on body surface area], palpation, and TSH were consistent in identifying the Bangladesh site as having the highest prevalence of IDD, followed by sites in Indonesia, Guatemala, and the United States. The prevalence of goiter indicated more severe levels of IDD compared to urinary iodine levels. Tg was not significantly different between the study sites

Clinical, biological and pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients at the Taleghani University Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran

Breast cancer is the most common of all malignant neoplasms in women worldwide. This study aims to demonstrate certain biological, clinical and pathological characteristics of patients treated at the university hospital oncology unit. A descriptive study was conducted during a period of 2 years, from October 2003 through September of 2005 in Kermanshah, Iran. 555 patients were selected to participate, representing all the cases diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. Data was gathered according to questionnaires and pa-tients' records. The mean age at which breast cancer was first diagnosed was 46.5 +/- 11.6 year of age with 89% of tumors being infiltrating intraductal carcinoma. The majority of the patient population had tumors stage II and grade II. Mean tumor size was 2.14 +/- 0.57 centimeters. 58% of the tumors were localized to the upper outer quadrant of the affected breast and 89% of the patients received modified radical mastectomies with almost a 92% two year survival. Highest prevalence of breast cancer was recorded in the 40-49 [mean 46] years of age group which compares favorably with studies done under similar circumstances. Tumor size, grade, stage, tumor marker analysis, metastasis and other disease characteristics portray patient population tendencies for breast cancer patients in Kermanshah, Iran

[ relation between parity and cure of stress incontinence after anterior colporraphy with Kelly suture]

Background: when pelvic organs prolapse exist with anatomic hyper mobility of the urethra, stress incontinence that is the most common cause of the incontinence in women. One of the procedures used in treatment of the stress incontinence is anterior colporraphy with Kelly suture. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of success of this method of surgery in women with different parity

Methods and materials: in this descriptive analysis study in 2000 2002 women were chosen with stress incontinence in Ghods hospital and after anterior colporraphy with Kelly suture the rate of cure of stress incontinence 6 months after operation was determined on them. The women were divided in two groups for comparing the rate of success of operation; first group consisted of 40 patients with parity between 1-3 and second group! 60 patients with 4 or above 4 parity

Results: rate of overall successful results after 6 months in patients [164 cases] was [83%]. Surgery in first group was successful in 38 cases [95%] and in second group 144 cases [80%] immediately after surgery. After 6 months 38 cases [95%] in first group and! 28 cases [80%] in second group were treated. The difference between two groups is significantly confirmed with chi -square test [P= 0.046]

Conclusions: the rate of success in our study in the patients below fourth parity was greater than the rate of success reported by other studies; so anterior colporraphy with Kelly suture is a good choice in low parity women

[ effects of different volumes of hypertonic saline in serum sodium concentration and pH in hemorrhagic shock in rabbits]

Background: in these years, the use of hypertonic saline for treatment of hemorrhagic shock and its effect on pH, osmotic pressure, serum sodium and Potassium concentration was the subject of very studies. Although there is no doubt in preference of hypertonic saline for treatment of homodynamic parameters due to hemorrhagic shock there is some controversies for routine of use hypertonic saline due to some complication after tra11sfi1sion of hypertonic saline like hepernatremia. The aim of this study is to determine the Frequency of hepernatremia after administration 4mllkg and 7mllkg of hypertonic saline for treatment of hemorrhagic shock

Methods and Materials: in this study, 16 male rabbits ·with 2-2.5 kg weight randomly were divided equally in two groups. After removal of 25% of total blood volume by phlebotomy and inducing hemorrhagic shock, one group was resuscitated with 4ml/kg NaCl 5% and the other group with 7 ml/kg NaCl 5% .Serum Na, K. pH and lactate and level of consciousness before and after the treatment were compared

Results: there was significant difference in condition and in blood pH in two groups and the 7mllkg group had better in condition and consciousness [P=0/04] and in blood pH [P=0/03]. There was no significant difference in serum concentration of sodium in two groups after resuscitation

Conclusions: by attention to the results of this study and similar results of other studies, we hope by using of hypertonic saline routinely faster treatment of hemorrhagic shock and its complications such metabolic acidosis occurs

[ comparison between oxytocin and syntometrine for preventing postpartum hemorrhage]

The third and forth stages of labor which involve the separation and expulsion or the placenta and an hour immediately following delivery are the two critical phases. Many maternal deaths in the developing countries result from complications of the third stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage. Active management of labor and use of oxytocic drugs can reduce postpartum hemorrhage. This study compares the effects of oxytocin and syntometrine in preventing postpartum hemorrhage which is an important problem causing maternal morbidity and mortality after delivery. A clinical trial was designed to study 618 patients admitted to Zahedan Ghods Birth Center in 2001 for normal delivery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. All Pregnancies were singletone, normotensive [BP<140/90] and free from medical disease. After exiting the anterior shoulder of fetus, 5 IU of oxytocin in the first group and 0.5 mg ergometrine plus 5 IU of oxytocin in the second group was injected intramusculary. The abnormal postpartum hemorrhage by obstetrician's estimation, the need for repeated oxytocic or other interventions and less than 100 mm Hg fall in systolic blood pressure was determined. The length of third stage was determined for all of the patients. Among the first group there were 20 cases [%6.47] with abnormal hemorrhage, compared to 8 cases [%2.58] in the second group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in postpartum hemorrhage [p<0.05] [using Chi-square test, CI=%95]. There was no significant difference between two groups concerning the duration of third stage and the need for manual removal of placenta. The side effects were uncommon and the incidence of hypertention [Bp> 140/90] was not different between two groups. Some studies do not recommend the use of syntometrine, believing that there is no clinical difference in the effectiveness of oxytocin and syntometrine, whereas syntometrine can cause hypertention and retained placenta. Our results similar to other researches show that syntometrine is more effective than oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage

Preventive effects of vitamin A and aspirin on UV light-induced retinopathy in an animal model

In order to identify the effects of vitamin A and aspirin on reducing UV light-induced retinopathy, ERG waves were compared before and after UV light exposure in rabbits. 30 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: the first group received vitamin A, 50,000 units I.M., single dose, the second group received aspirin, 50 mg/ Kg/day PO and the third group did not receive any medication. All three groups were exposed to UV light generated by three 30 watt lamps for 14 days. Baseline ERGs were recorded for all rabbits prior to UV light exposure and the second ERG was taken 14 days after exposure. The control group showed a 62.6% decrease in voltage amplitude from the baseline of photopic flicker 30 Hz ERG. This decrease was 28.6% for those who received vitamin A and only 8.8% for those who received aspirin. Regarding photopic single flash ERGs, the decrease in the voltage amplitude for control, vitamin A and aspirin groups was 49.02%, 26.14% and 24.83%, respectively. It was therefore concluded that vitamin A and aspirin have a preventive role on the side effects of UV light in the rabbit eye retina. Further studies are needed to elicit the appropriate dosage of aspirin and vitamin A in preventing the side effects of UV light in the human eye

Bacterial conjunctivitis in Zahedan

The objective of this study was to determine the most common type of pathogen causing conjunctivitis. Out of 495 patients who referred to the Zahedan Eye Clinic from May 11,1991 to October 22,1992,296 cases were diagnosed as nonbacterial conjunctivitis. From the remaining number of cases, two patients had chlamydia and six patients had Candida albicans, while the frequency of bacterial infection was as follows: N. gonorrhoeae 7 patients, Hemophilus aegyptius in 11 patients, Moraxella lacunata in 6 patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 57 patients, E. coli in 5 patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 5 patients, Proteus mirabilis in 5 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 8 patients, Gardnerella voginalis in 4 patients, and providencia species in one patient. Bacterial agents were isolated by Gram staining and culturing, In conclusion our results show that the most common cause of conjunctivitis is nonbacterial, but the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis is S pneumoniae. Furthermore, our incidence of chlamydia and N. gonorrhoeae was also more than that in the literature

Megalo-bleb phenomenon

From 1989 to 1991, ninety-six patients [41 females, 55 males] underwent 100 filtering procedures for glaucoma. The minimum follow-up period was 252 days. 68% of the patients had posterior lip sclerectomy and the rest had trabeculectomy. After three weeks, one case from each procedure group developed a large bleb which caused projection of the upper eyelid, vasodilatation and tortuosity of the conjunctival vessels. These two patients complained of a feeling of foreign body in their eyes. The cornea adjacent to the bleb was involved with dellen pit, which did not respond to conventional therapy. The intraocular pressure of the patients was about 10 mmHg and their anterior chambers were very deep. The patients' large blebs were not controlled with pressure patches or with drug therapy [acetazolamide and timolol 0.5%], and we had to aspirate the bleb. In conclusion, this phenomenon can be considered as a "megalo-bleb"

Reversible no light perception in patients with hyphema

One hundred cases of hyphema were studied from 1989-91. Seventy-six% of patients were under 20 years of age. Trauma was the prevalent cause of hyphema [94%]. 42% of the patients had intraocular pressure above 21 mm Hg. Along with hyphema, we observed vitreous hemorrhage [32%], corneal laceration [20%], macular edema [16%], traumatic lens opacity [12%], conjunctival laceration [8%], retinal detachment [RD] [5%], optic atrophy [5%] and scleral laceration [2%]. 62% of patients had a visual acuity between light [LP] and hand motion [HM] and 8% were no light perception [NLP] and had +4 reverse Marcus-Gunn [MG]. Two NLP patients whose intraocular pressure [IOP] could not be controlled with medical treatment underwent anterior chamber washout procedure. As a result of this, they gained visual acuity [VA] of 4/10-6/10 and their reverse MG was resolved. No significant complications such as vitreous hemorrhage or lens opacity were observed. Since hyphema alone can cause NLP and reverse MG, we suppose that all NLP patients with hyphema whose IOP are not under control with full medical treatment can be a candidate for the above mentioned surgical procedure

Follow up of one hundred corneal and scleral ruptures during 1988-1990

In a retrospective study, one hundred corneoscleral laceration [CSL] cases were managed at Zahedan Ophthalmic Center from 1988-1990. Our findings showed that CSL is more commonly seen in young and male patients. Seasonal variation in CSL frequency with higher prevalence in the first half of the years was evident. Also it was found that cataract was more common in comeal lacerations while hyphema was more common in corneoscleral lacerations