Normal pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic parameters of Turkmen horses of Iran

Turkmen horse is one of the oldest and purest breeds in the world, but there is no information on Doppler echocardiographic parameters in this horse. In the present study, pulsed-wave [PW] Doppler echocardiography was performed on 42 clinically normal 3- to 15-year-old racing Turkmen horses. No cardiac disease was detected with two-dimensional [2-D] real-time, M-mode, and colour flow mapping. Doppler echocardiographic parameters and indices of tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary and aortic flows were measured in this study. Tricuspid inflow velocities during rapid filling [E] and atrial contractions [A] were significantly higher than mitral inflow [P<0.05]. The Doppler waveforms, obtained from the aortic outflow, showed a significantly longer pre-ejection period [PEP] and shorter ejection time [ET] than the pulmonary artery waveforms [P=0.001 and P=0.028, respectively]. The time taken from the onset of the QRS complex to the onset of the A wave for tricuspid flow, pulmonary PEP, and pulmonary PEP/ET, had a significant positive correlation with age. These values can be used as standard and reference values for evaluation of cardiovascular disorders in Turkmen horse

Normal left ventricular systolic time intervals assessed by pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography in the Turkmen horse of Iran

The Turkmen horse is one of the oldest and purest breeds in the world. There is no information with regards to the normal echocardiographic parameters of this horse regarding to cardiac diseases. Pulsed-wave [PW] Doppler echocardiography was performed on 42 clinically normal 3-to 15-year-old racing Turkmen horses. There were 26 stallions and 16 mares. The left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time, pre-ejection period [PEP], and the left ventricular ejection time [LVET], were measured, and the values of the left ventricular total electromechanical systole [LVTES] and the PEP-to-LVET ratio were calculated. The most suitable window for the measurement of the aforementioned indices in PW Doppler echocardiography was the left parasternal window using the five-chamber apical view. The following values were acquired in PW Doppler echocardiography: PEP = 0.088 +/- 0.018 s; LVET = 0.445 +/- 0.031 s; LVTES - 0.533 +/- 0.032 s; and PEP-to-LVET = 0.199 +/- 0.046. These measurements can be used in the future as standard and reference values for the evaluation of cardiovascular disorders in the Turkmen horse

[Nutritional secondary hyper parathyroidism incidence in kittens and effects of two treatment regimens]

Diagnosis of Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in preliminary stage was studied by determination of serum profiles as first key for early diagnostic method. On the other hand compare between two treatment methods for osteoprothic cases has concerned in second part of survey. Treatment performed by drug consumption and changes in food regimes for two seperated groups. 50 osteoprotic and 50 normal 2-3 month old kittens were selected randomly. Radiographic exams were our landmark to selection of osteoprothic kittens. Serum calcium [Ca], parathormon[PTH], phosphorus[P] and serum alkaline phosphatase[AP] levels measured in all of them. Serum profiles have in osteoprothic and normal ittens were compared by student t-test and paired t-test. Comparative study showed significant decrease in serum P and increase in PTH in the first group [Osteoporotic kittens] [P<0.05]. No significant changes have seen in serum Ca and APin both groups

[Evaluation of biocompatibility implantation of the Persian Gulf's coral in femoral defect of rabbit]

Coral from different areas has been used for bone graft substitute yet the assessment of the Persian Gulf coral is left unnoticed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Persian Gulf coral as a bone graft substitution in repairing bone defects. Unilateral drill hole defect] 4 mm X 1.5 cm[was created in greater trochanter of femur in 12 rabbits and implanted with coral in experimental group. The drill hole remained empty in control group. Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 weeks post-implantation. Later, the rabbits were sacrificed at the end of 9th week for histopathological studies. Radiographs taken at 9th week showed that the implants were being resorbed and the empty spaces were reduced in size by new bone formation. Histopathological studies on samples collected from the site of implantation were indicative of enormous multinuclear giant cells infiltration at 9th week while progressive degeneration of coral and regeneration of new bone at the site of defect was obvious, simultaneously. New bone replacement almost covered 40% of the areas at the site of artificial defect. There was no rejection of implants among the experimental group. Our data showed that processed coral has the potential to be regarded as a bone substitute for reconstructive bone surgery and could be used as a suitable scaffolding material

Radiological evaluation of rabbit femoral defect healing in Caspian seashell pellets

Autograft is the best bone graft substitute, however, it has some limitations, so allograft with synthetic or natural materials has been advised to use for bone graft. In this study, Iranian Caspian seashell was used as a biocompatible natural material for radiological evaluation. Lodgment of seashell in drilled defects of femur was compared in the treatment group [rabbit models] with natural healing process of cancelluos bone in the control group. Handling characteristics, osteoconductivity, resisting against bone forces and absorption, were evaluated by radiological study. The study was performed in faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Karaj. Twelve New Zealand rabbits were divided into two equal groups of six [treatment and control groups]. In the treatment group unilateral drilled defect was induced in the greater trochanter of femur. Each defect was implanted by the pieces of seashell. In the control group, similar bone defects was also produced to study natural bone healing process. Radiographs were taken from rabbits in 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 63 days post-operation. After 9 weeks, radiographic findings in the treatment group were included; a range of 10-15% reduction of bone density and progressive new bone formation in the presented bone defects. Results of radiographic evaluation in the control group, indicated more than 50% of bone healing was developed in the cylindrical defects of femoral greater trochanter. [...] Due to high structural density of seashell, which makes it tolerable against local biomechanical bone stress, there was no post-surgical complication [such as trochanteric fracture] in the treatment group. Seashell is a natural source of calcium which is a valuable substitute for bone grafts in medical and veterinary orthopedic surgeries

Radiographic findings of hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a mongrel puppy

A three-month-old male native puppy with lameness, metaphyseal swelling, pain, depression, inappetence and variable pyrexia was diagnosed as having hypertrophic osteodystrophy [HOD] based on radiologic examination. The hemogram and biochemical profiles were within normal limits. Radiologic examination revealed a radiolucent zone in the metaphyses and a radiopaque band near the physes of the appendicular long bones. Periosteal new bone formation was seen around of the distal metaphyses of the radii, ulnae and tibiae. Currently, there is no specific treatment for HOD. The condition of puppy was improved following restriction of activity, confinement to small well-padded area, administration of high-quality diet and anti-inflammatory drug [aspirin, 10 mg/kg PO q12h for two weeks]. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of HOD in mongrel puppies in Iran

case report of canine rheumatoid arthritis in Iran

The Purpose of the report was introducing rheumatoid arthritis in a dog in Iran. A four-year-old castrated male shih tzu has been referred to Small Animal Hospital. History taking, clinical findings, laboratory findings, radiography, computed tomography scan [CT-Scan] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] carried out in this case. Clinical examinations revealed severe lameness with flexion of stifle joints and muscular atrophy of thigh region. Survey radiographs showed tibial and femoral subchondral bone cyst-like formation, cranial displacement of the tibia, and asymmetric joint space. Blood test revealed leukocytosis. In serology, rheumatoid factor [RF] and antinuclear antibodies [ANA] were negative. Arthrocentesis of affected joints showed a lowered viscosity, and was turbid. CT-Scan studies showed subchondral bone cyst-like formations on the tibial plateau and femoral condyles, osteophyte formations, and degenerative joint changes. MRI confirmed soft tissue changes of the joint component. Based on clinical and paraclinical findings, diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis

Diagnosis of retinal detachment by using ultrasonography in several horses with cataract

Diagnosis of retinal detachment by usingultrasonography. 3 horses. Clinical examination and diagnosis ofdisorder on the basis of ultrasonographic findings with7.5 MHz probe and real time B. mode technique,transpalpebrally. Ultrasonography showed echodense linearstructures resulted in classic funnel appearance ofvitreous in one case and convex hyperechoic lineardensity of the back of globe in two cases. Ultrasonographic findings werecharacteristic of complete retinal detachment in one caseand partial retinal detachment in two cases

Ileocystoplasty in dogs: Imaging, hematologic, biochemical and histopathologic studies

The radiographic, ultrasonographic, hamatologic, biochemical and histopathologic studies were done the following routine ileocystoplasty in dogs. Experimental study. Twelve female mixed-breed Persian dogs. Persian mixed breed female dogs between 1-2 year-old and 15-24 kg body-weight were divided into control and experiment groups. Routine ileocystoplasty was performed on experimental dogs. Twenty centimeters of ileal segments were detubulized to U-form and were grafted to bladder after performing the partial supratrigonal cystectomy. Radiography, ultrasonography, hematologic and biochemical evaluations were prepared on days 0,14 and 35 from all animals. Experimental group animals also were euthanized on day 35. Neobladders were resected and histopathologic sections were taken. No radiographic changes were detected in plain and contrast radiography indicative of any leakage from anastomotic and suture lines. Vesicoureteral reflux,... was not present. Ultrasonography revealed neobladder walls thickened at the anastomotic site. No significant changes were found in hematologic parameters, glucose, cholestrol, triglyceride, creatinine, total protein, albumine, glutamine, serum electrolytes [calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate] albumin, pH, venous blood gases [Po2 and Pco2] and anion gap. BUN was found significantly higher in experiment group in comparison to control group.There were not marked morphologic changes in ileal mucosa, uroepithelial migrated from remaining portion of the bladder to cover the ileal segments. Inflammatory cells infiltrations were not significant in neobladders. Based on the study, ileal segment is useful source for graft the bladder in dog

[Experimental vesicouereteral reflux induction in dogs]

Objective: To induce experimental vesicoureteral reflux in dogs

Design: Experimental study

Animals: A total of 16 mixed- breed Persian dogs with diffrent sex

Procedure: All sixteen dogs evaluated for absence of congenital or acquired vesicoureteral reflux before study by cystography. Vesicoureteral reflux induction was attempted in healthy animals by ureteral unroofing [3-5 mm] without suture, unroofing [3-5 mm] with catheter as a cutting guide and suturing by silk, unroofing [3-5 mm] with catheter and suturing by nylon and unroofing [5-7 mm] with catheter and suturing by nylon. After ten days the reflux assessment was confirmed by cystography

Statistical analysis: Descriptive study

Results: Vesico ureteral induced refluxes in all four groups were variable [incision length, catheter as guide, Number and kind of suture material]but refluxes induced with 5-7 mm incision length and nylon suturing was excellent as compared with other three groups

Clinical implications: Cutting method with catheter and nylon suture material used for vesicoureteral reflux induction in dogs, were preferred with special attention to be made to the length of cutting and the number of suture needed

[Urinary incontinence due to congenital ectopic ureter in a dog]

Ectopic ureter was diagnosed by urography and vaginography in a 3 month old puppy. Clinical signs include urinary incontinance contact dermatitis around vulva and anus. Urography revealed dilatation of the left ureter and pelvic kidny. It was difficult to show clearly the course of ureter into the vagina by this technique. Vaginography was performed under radioscopy facilities and spot radiographs were taken during radioscopy which showed clearly existence of contrast media in the left ureter. No surgical intervention attempted because of owner disagreement. At necropsy both ureter were ectopic but there was not any dilatation of right ureter probably due to the complete emptying of urine into the blader and vagina simultaneously

[Radiographic investigation of prostatic hyperplasia]

Radiographic changes of aprostatic enlargement in 25 cases which had caudal abdominal Radiography during the year 1989 had been investigated in relation to AGE.%68 of cases had hyperplasic prostate with the age - average of was 7.2 years [between 2 to 15 years]. From 17 cases with Radiographic signs of prostatic Hyperplasia, 10 cases had no clinical signs [%58.2] and 7 cases had clinical signs like constipation, urinary retention and hinlimb jameness. Lameness was the only clinical signs in one cases of prostatic hyperplasia