RESUMO
Objective: The study was undertaken to determine the proportion and pattern of Neural Tube Defects (NTD)reported at tertiary care teaching hospital in Gurugram. The incidence of NTDs were determined and comparedwith other studies done in India and other countries.Material and methods: The study was carried out in SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute,Gurugram. The total number of deliveries was recorded from 2017- 2019.The aborted fetuses with NTDs wereobserved in detail externally for the sex, type of NTD and other associated anomalies after obtaining ethicalclearance and written informed consent of the parents.Results: The number of deliveries conducted between 2017-2019 at SGT Medical College Hospital and ResearchInstitute, Gurugram was 2500. There were 8 babies born with NTDs (5 female and 4 male). Overall incidence ofNTDs in the present study was 3.2/1000 births with female preponderance. The incidence of fetuses withanencephaly, myelocele, meningomyelocele, craniorachischisis and encephalocele were 0.8, 1.2, 0.4, 0.4, and0.4 per 1000 births respectively.Conclusion: Birth defects like Neural Tube Defects are easily detected by routine screening tests like USG in firstand second trimester of pregnancy. Public health measures like preconception folic acid supplements andincreasing awareness about maternal care during pregnancy needs to be highlighted to decrease the incidenceof congenital anomalies and their comorbidities.
RESUMO
Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella are one of the key etiological agents of diarrhoeal disease. The appearance of multiple drug resistance along with resistance to quinolones in this bacterium poses a serious therapeutic problem. We determined the prevalence of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute diarrhoeal disease attending the outpatient and inpatient department of a hospital in Saudi Arabia during the years 1999 to 2002
Methods: Non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated from faecal samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disc diffusion test. MICs to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were determined by the agar dilution method
Results: During the study period, 524 strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated. Strains belonging to serogroup C1 were the commonest [41.4%] followed by serogroups B and D [15.6% and 14.5%, respectively]. Resistance to ampicillin was observed in 22.9% and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in 18.5% of the strains. Nalidixic acid resistance was encountered in 9.9% and ciprofloxacin resistance in 2.3% of the strains. Resistance to nalidixic acid significantly increased from 0.1% in 1999 to 5.5% in 2002 [P=0.0007] and ciprofloxacin resistance increased significantly from 0.1% in 1999 to 0.9% in 2002 [P=0.0001]. MICs to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were determined among 29 nalidixic acid-resistant strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated during 2002. The MIC was >256 microg/mL to nalidixic acid and 8 to 16 microg/mL to ciprofloxacin
Conclusion: The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance encountered among non-typhoidal Salmonella necessitate the judicious use of these drugs in humans. Moreover, these findings support the concern that the use of quinolones in animal feed may lead to an increase in resistance and should be restricted