Qualitative approach on social problems in burned disfigurement individuals

The face the main channel through which the individual communicates. It is the site of beauty and attractiveness. Physical attractiveness has stereotyping nature. Because the precise content of the stereotype depends on cultural values. The aim of this study was described the range of psychosocial issues burned disfigurement people that psychosocial support programmes may need to address after hospitaization. Part of data from a larger study grounded theory approach was reported by this Paper. In this qualitative study, individual in depths interview performed with 21 participants. Interviews were analyzed using a content analysis. After data analyzed five axial category emerging from this qualitative study included social behaviors and beliefs [reproach, retirement, wrong thoughts and beliefs, stigmatize, pity] emotional problems [grief, shame, fear of expulsion, aversion, hopelessness] reactions assessment [positive assessment, Negative assessment] strategy [hidden, separation, self-presentation] and weariness. Findings indicated negative behaviors' and beliefs' of people cause emotional problems in disfigured people. Thise persons perform inappropriate strategy against behaviors' and beliefs' of people. Therefore This persons need to appropriate supportive programs for community, family and person instruction to knowledge, attitude and practice promotion

[Professionalization experiences of newly employed nurses in clinical settings in Iran]

Nursing professionalization is a developmental experience that evolves throughout professional nurses' careers. Nursing systems that prepare nurses include experiences that are important in the early development of nursing identity. This phenomenenon is also foundational to the assumption of various nursing roles. A phenomenological approach was used in order to explore the meanings of professionalization experiences among participants. Data were gathered through series of semi structured interviews. Benner's interpretive method was used for data analysis. From 17 famale and male beginner nurses who worked in different educational and private hospitals in Tehran points of view 5 main themes and 4 subthemes emerged which encompasses the whole experiences of participants' professioalization experiences. These themes included sufficient knowledge, well practical experiences and autonomy in practice to provide a comprehensive care. Faculty understanding of beginning nurses' definitions and experiences of nursing professionalization can provide insights that can be used to develop educational experiences that support and enhance students' professional nursing identity and ultimately affect their future practice. Faculty can also use knowledge of nurses' definitions of professionalization to enrich student learning

[Assess the using and efficacy of fatigue reducing strategies in patients referred to multiple sclerosis association of Iran]

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is characterized by a broad spectrum of physical and psychological impairments. Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom for individuals with MS 75%-90% of individuals with MS reported problems with fatigue. They describe fatigue as a frustrating and overwhelming symptom that can be disabling. Assessing the usage and efficiencies of fatigue reducing strategies in patients referred to multiple sclerosis association of Iran. This is a cross-sectional survey study of 100 patients who were selected randomly. The method of collecting data was by asking and answering and the research tool was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in four parts. Part one included the disease and demographic questions. Part two included Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]. Part tree included Fatigue Reducing Strategies and part four included Fatigue Relief Scale. The data were collected in one stage, and analyzed with SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods [fisher exact test, chi square test, correlation coefficient, meant, standard deviation] have been used. The Findings of this study represented that the majority of subjects [63%] were suffering of severe fatigue symptom. The most frequently used strategies to relive fatigue were lie down [51%], watching TV [30%], frequent rest [28%] and sitting without doing any thing [28%]. But the most effective strategies were sleeping [8.17], daily nap [8.4], take a shower with lukewarm water [7.25], avoiding heat [7.16], exercising [7.14], praying [7.0] and socialization [7.0]. Results also showed that fatigue have been affected by some variables such as education level, having child, number of children, job status, daily working hours, dwelling place and time of bed-ridden. Findings also suggested that all strategies will be useful when the highest level of fatigue has been experienced [p=0.532, r=-0.063]. The most common strategies were not necessarily the most effective ones. Most frequently used strategies were included sleeping, napping, warm water bathing, heat avoidance, and exercising. However more physically active strategies such as exercise and socializing were more effective strategies. The patients should be suggested that to try variety of strategies such as walking and exercising besides sleeping and resting to relieve the fatigue. Patients should be instructed to monitor the intensity of their fatigue and also be encouraged to maintain that level of activity which is in balance with efficient rest period