Biochemical and histochemical changes induced by long term use of nalbuphine versus morphine in rat liver

Fifty-six mature albino rats were used for this study. They were divided into three groups. Eight animals were kept as placebo control group [group C] and were injected saline intraperitoneally, daily for one month. The remaining 48 animals were divided into 2 main groups, 24 animals each: Nalbuphine group [group N] and morphine group [group M]. Each was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups, 8 animals each. Each subgroup was given the corresponding drug in the analgesic dose [N1 and M1 subgroups given 0.9 ug/g b. wt.], double the analgesic dose [N2 and M2 subgroups given 1.8 ug/g b. wt.] or triple the analgesic dose [N3 and M3 subgroups given 2.7 ug/g b. wt.] intraperitoneally, daily for one month. Alanine transferase [ALT], aspartate transferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total proteins and albumin were estimated after one month. Histochemical studies of ALP, acid phosphatase [ACP] and succinic dehydrogenase were done. From the results obtained it was concluded that nalbuphine hydrochloride is much more safer than morphine for prolonged use, especially in patients with compromised livers

Peep modulation of haemodynamic parameters and blood gasometry

This study was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamic and blood gas variations in response to PEEP at different levels during mechanical ventilation in 30 adult patients having normal cardio-respiratory functions. Thiopentone, suxamethonium, halothane, nitrous oxide in oxygen and atracurium were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Ventilation was controlled with ZEEP for 30 minutes followed by PEEP for another 30 minutes. Level of PEEP varied according to the group [5, 10 or 15 cm H20]. Hemodynamic changes in the form of decreased systolic and mean blood pressure and increased CVP were prominent with higher levels of PEEP. These levels were accompanied with decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2 and decreased pH. PEEP of 10 cm H20 was found to be a suitable level with minimal hemodynamic, ventilatory and metabolic changes, above which undesirable effects mostly develop. So, PEEP of 10 cm H20 is recommended in patients submitted to prolonged surgical procedures

Crystallographic profile of paediatric urinary calculi

The nature of urinary calculi discloses the metabolic status of the patient at the time of its development and evolution. The analysis of the recovered urinary calculi constitute the key of the diagnosis in the knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative constituents. Twenty patients within the pediatric age group with urinary calculi constitute the key of the diagnosis in the knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative constituents. Twenty patients within the pediatric age group with urinary calculi are investigated. The recovered stones were analyzed by crystallographic method in the Louis Hering Laboratory-Orlando, Florida, USA. The results and their impact on the further management of the very young and vulnerable patients are discussed. Advantages of this study on chemical means are discussed

Primary gastro-intestinal lymphoma

Fourty one cases of primary GIT lymphomas were studied, Age ranged from 3- 81 years. The most common presentations were abdominal pain [88%]; abdominal mass [43%], loss of weight [36%] and intestinal obstruction, [22%]. Bleeding occurs only in 10% of the cases. Thirty four cases were managed by resection, seven cases biopsy was taken only as these cases either mesentric or inoperable lymphoma of the rectum. All cases had postoperative local or regional radiotherapy for [IE] or chemotherapy and local radiotherapy for [II E] or [III E]. The 41 primary GIT lymphomas were composed of 18 [44%] small intestine, 8 [19%] gastric, 5 [12%] ileocaecal; 4 [10%] colo-rectal and 6 [15%] mesentric. The commonest type was the diffuse histiocytic lymphoma 20 cases [49%] then the diffuse undifferentiated lymphocytic lymphoma 12 cases [29%] and the diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma 3 cases [7. 5%]. Only 3 cases [7. 5%] displayed a nodular pattern. Burkitt's lymphoma was diagnosed in 3 cases

Surgery of hydatid disease of the liver

In the period from [1981 - 1984] 46 cases of hydatid disease of liver were treated in Riyadh Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Diagnosis was made using clinical criteria, serology. skin tests, ultra-sound, liver scans and CAT scan. Peri-cystectomy [excision of the cyst] was done for 2 pedunculated cysts. Endocystectomy and evacuation of daughter cysts with tube drainage of the cavity was done for 6 cases. This procedure was abandoned because of prolonged hospitalization [3- 8 weeks] and high incidence of infection in residual cavity. Endocystectomy with evacuation of daughter cysts with deroofing of the cavity was done for 38 cases. This was the prefered line of treatment because of short hospitalizatioo [10- 15 days] and low incidence of infection [8%]. All the cases were examined pathologically after removal