Annual and perennial weed control in citrus orchard

This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2003 and 2004 on Washington Navel orange trees grown in a private orchard at Sendpes, Kalubia Governorate to study the effect of some weed control treatment on annual and perennial weeds and the productivity of Washington Navel orange. The tested weed control methods were: the herbicide Fluzifo-butyl at 2 L/feddan, IL/feddan and Fluzifop-butyl+4 kg urea/feddan], two types of mulch i.e., synthetic mulch [black polyethylene] and organic mulch [straw] as well as twice hand and mechanical hoeing treatment. Comparing with unweeded control. All weed control treatments revealed a significant depression in fresh weight [f.w.] of annual, perennial and total weeds of application as compared with control. The highest reduction values in [f.w.] were significantly obtained by black polyethylene and straw mulching treatments followed by twice hand hoeing treatment. All weed control treatments gave high significant increase in the fruit weight and yield as compared with control treatment

Influence of sowing depth paraquat herbicide and solarization on seed germination of some winter and summer weeds

Two experiments were conducted in pots in 1998 and 1999 seasons to determinethe influence of seed depth on seedling emergence of wild oat, burcloverand pig weed with and without paraquat; seed depth and soil solarization onseed germination of purslane, field sandbur and jimson weed. Results of thefirst experiment showed that increasing sowing depth from 1 to 12 cm reducedgermination rate percentage after 6 weeks from sowing by 54.0 and 48.3 forwild, 51.5 and 59.0 for burclover, and 65 and 58.5 for pigweed in 1998 and1999 seasons, respectively. The germination rate of wild oat and burcloverwas higher than pigweed. Increasing depth from 1 to 12 cm plus paraquat[0.200 kg a.i./fed.] application significantly decreased germinationpercentage as compared with control. The highest reduction was clear inpigweed after three weeks from sowing. Results of 2nd experiment indicated thatgermination rate of purslane was higher than field sandbur and jimson weedafter three weeks of sowing at 1 cm depth. Purslane field sandbur and jimson seeddid not germinate at 1 and 3 cm depth + solarized treatments after three and sixweeks from sowing in both seasons

Effect of some herbicides on cow pea plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizohia

Two field experiments were conducted [during 1996 and 1997 seasons] to investigate the effect of the herbicides; dinitramine, fluazifop-butyl and paraquat at a rate of 1.0 l/fed. on cowpea plants inoculated with Rhizobium and/or arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi [Glomus sp.] in a clay loam soil. All herbicides + rhizobia + AM fungi treatments showed significant increase in all growth characters of cowpea plants after 60 days from sowing as well as pod length, weight of green and dry pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds at harvest compared to unweeded control. Nodulation significantly increased on cowpea plants inoculated with rhizobia and AM fungi singly or in combination with different herbicides used compared to nodulation of plants grown on unweeded plots and inoculated with rhizobia or AM fungi singly or in combination. Application of the different herbicides significantly decreased mycorrhizal spore numbers in all treatments expected treatment inoculated with rhizobia singly and application of dinitramine. However, no significant was found in mycorrhizal root colonization between all treatments