alkoxy iodination, nitratoiodination and acetatoiodination of uridine

Reaction of uridine with iodine and cerium IV ammonium nitrate in both of methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol gave the corresponding 5-iodo-6-alkoxy dihydro uridine, while in the case of use t-butyl alcohol or acetic acid, instead of the previous alcohols, 5-iodo-6-nitrato uridine or 5-iodo-6-acetato dihydro uridine were afforded, respectively

Chemical studies on the constituents of polygonum equisetiforme s etsm

Volatile components and aglycon in the plant Polygonum equisetiforme S. et Sm were determined and identified

case-control study of the incidence of coronary heart disease risk factors in Saudis at Al-Madina Al-Mounawarah

A total of 136 Saudi subjects [68 patients with coronary heart disease [CHD] and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls] were studied in detail for the incidence of CHD risk factors. The following are the percentages of patients with risk factors found significantly more frequently than in controls [together with p-value and 95% confidence interval]: hypertension 42%, <0.01 [6-37%]; diabetes mellitus 41%, <0.046 [2-33%]; cigarette smoking 24%, <0.046 [2-27%]; hypertriglyceridaemia 32%, <0.001 [1-37%]; hyperuricaemia 45%, <0.001 [19-50%].The incidence of the following risk factors were not significantly different in patients and controls: alcohol consumption; family history of premature CHD; lack of physical activity; raised total cholesterol [TC] and low density lipoprotein [LDL] and obesity as assessed by the mean Body Mass Index [BMI]. Perhaps the recently reported qualitative blood lipid abnormalities, e.g. apolipoprotein, need to be investigated in Saudis with CHD

Gallstones revisited? Al-Madina Al-Monawarah's experience [a prospective study of 212 consecutive cases]

A total of 212 consecutive in-patients with ultrasound proven gallstones were studied prospectively for the clinical features of gallstones. There were 185 females and 27 males [female:male ratio of [6.9: 1]] with a mean age [range] of 39.5 [17-83] and 49.5 [30-94] years respectively. Fifty per cent of patients had non-specific symptoms, and gallstones were an incidental finding in 3%. Acute cholecystitis was found in 22% and biliary colic was present in 30%. Intolerance to fatty food as a symptom was reported by only 40% of patients. Complications were rare; with acute pancreatitis seen in 1.4% and surgical jaundice in 0.4%. Thirty-eight per cent of females were obese [Body Mass Index [BMI] >30] with female mean [SD] BMI of 28.3 [6.2]; and a mean parity of six pregnancies. Amongst men 5.5% were obese; with a male mean [SD] BMI of 24.5 [3.2]. All the gallstones analysed were of the mixed type with a mean [SD] cholesterol content of 49.9 [7.5%] of the stone weight [range 38-72%]. In view of the clinical features shown by this hospital based study we suspect that 'asymptomatic' gallstones in Saudis are common. A community based study would be needed to evaluate this suspicion

prevalence of hypertension in Saudi Arabia

Blood pressure [BP] is measured as part of a screening physical examination at the time of opening a family health record file in the Primary Health Care Centres [PHCC] of Almedina Almounawarah. We selectively screened Saudis in the 'high risk' age group [50-60 years]. The total number of the study sample was 1713: 1021 males, 692 females [24.3% of the target population]. They were recalled and had their BP measured again using standard methods. On the basis of a single reading, the BP was known in 1495 [20.8% of the target population: 880 [86.2%] of males 615 [88.8%] of females]. Hypertension, defined as receiving antihypertensive drug treatment or BP> 160/95 or both, was present in 10%, 6.8% and 14.6% of the total, male and female populations respectively. The percent period prevalence in subjects who had second BP readings was almost identical, there being an equal number of subjects with increased and decreased pressures. From the evidence we gathered, the prevalence of hypertension in Almedina Almounawarah is far less than that reported in British and American surveys. It is unknown whether other parts of the Kingdom have similar rates. Also it will be of great interest to evaluate, in future, the effects of a changing life-style, brought about by affluence, on the prevalence of hypertension

Determination of volatile oil contents, glycosides and sterols in some Libyan plants

The volatile oil contents of the Libyan plants: Nerium oleander, L. [red and white flower], Ceretonia siliqua, L. [leaves], Gossypium barbadense [leaves], Jasminum grandiflorum, Linn. [leaves], Zea maize [leaves and flowers] and Santolina chamaecyparissus [leaves] are separated and identified. The glycosides in Tagetes erecta, L. were studied and the sterols in both of Acacia arabica and Melissa officials were also identified

Synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives via the reduction of Schiff base type intermediates

Reactions of 5-formyl derivatives of uracil, 4-thiouracil and 2', 3',-0-isopropylideneuridine with glucosamine via Schiff base intermediate have been described. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds has been also studied

Chemical constituents of sonchues eleraceus L

Investigation and identification of the volatile substances and the triterpenes of the plant Sonchus oleraceus L. have been described

Synthesis of some pyrimidine nucleosides

Synthesis of pyrimidine nucleosides derivatives by nucleophilic substitution at C-4 of the heterobase was accomplished

Synthesis of different 5-methyl amino and 5-imino derivatives of 6-methyl-2-thiouracil

Condensations of 5-chloromethyl-6-methyl-2-thiouracil III and the corresponding 5-formyl analogue IV with different amines were completely studied

Synthesis of 5-substituted derivatives of uridine

Synthesis of 5- substituted, 2', 3', -O-sulfinyluridine derivatives followed by the conversion of such derivatives into their corresponding 2, 2' anhydronucleosides subsequent formation of the related 2'-chloro 2'-bromo and 2- hydroxy derivatives of these compounds were accomplished