Elevated levels of plasma and platelet PAI-1 in type II diabetes: relationships with plasma insulin and lipoproteins

This study aimed to measure both plasma and platelet PAI-1 in type II diabetes and to investigate the relationship between PAI-1 levels and plasma insulin and lipoproteins. The data obtained suggested that higher level of platelet PAI-1 may contribute to impaired fibrinolysis seen in type II diabetes. Concordant increase of platelet PAI-1 and plasma insulin suggested that hyperinsulinemia presents in type II diabetes may have direct effects on the synthesis of platelet PAI-1

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of antithrombin III, plasminogen and alpha-2-artiphasmin in jaundiced patients

This study was designed to find out the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of Antithrombin-III, [AI-III] Plasminogen and Alpha-2 antiplasmin in different types of jaundice. AT-Ill, plasminogen and alpha-2 antiplasmin were studied in 43 jaundiced patients [Hepatic metastasis n = 9 and Hepatocel lular, n = 17, and obstructive, n = 17] and compared to 10 healthy controls. The mean serum levels of alpha-2 antiplasmin, AT-III and plasminogen were significantly decreased in hepatic metastasis and hepatocellular subgroups compared to control and cholestatic subjects. No significant differences were noticed between control subjects and cholestatic patients except for significant elevation in serum level of alpha-2 antiplasmin in the latter. In hepatocelluar jaundiced patients, these parameters were markedly decreased in fulminant hepatitis patients compared to cirrhotics and patients with acute viral hepatitis. Also in Hepatocellular group, a significant negative correlations could be elicited between bilirubin [Total and direct and SGOT on one side and AT-Ill and plasminogen on the other side. Also significant negative correlations were noticed between alpha-2 antiplasmin and each of total bilirubin and SGOT. It can be concluded that alpha-2 antiplasmin, AT-Ill and plasminogen may play a role in etiological diagnosis as well as prognostic follow up of jaundiced patients

Red cell deformability versus capillary diameter in diabetic foot

21 patients complaining of diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic foot, mainly gangrene [15 subjects] and diabetic ulcer [six subjects] were selected. 25 patients served as control for RBCs deformability and five control subjects for measuring capillary diameters. A full clinical examination, urine analysis for sugar and fasting blood sugar were estimated to them. A full histopathological examination was done including measurement of capillary diameters using morphometric eye lens and ordinary light microscope. The longitudinal and transverse diameters were measured and the mean capillary diameter was calculated in five high power field in every section. RBCs deformability test was carried out and the RBCs flow time was measured. The mean capillary diameter for diabetics was significantly lower than that for controls and the red blood cell flow time was also significantly longer. There were no significant changes in capillary diameter and red cell flow time in both NIDD and IDD. The capillary diameter and RBCs deformability were inversly proportionate with the duration of the disease. Endothelial swelling as well as endothelial proliferation were noticed in 78.94%, 100% showed thickened basement membrane. So in diabetes more rigid red cells and increased viscosity at low shear rate are likely to promote stasis in the capillaries and postcapillary venules, sites where the very rarly vascular lesions in diabetes characteristically occur