waiting time at emergency departments at Khartoum state-2005

Emergency medical services are supposed to provide fast appropriate responses to 4fe-threatening situations. Prolong waiting time poses an increase risk to patents. This study aims to measure the waiting time in the Emergency Departments in the 3 main hospitals in Khartoum. This descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted at the three main hospitals in Khartoum State during October 2005. Patients were classified according to urgency into two categories HOT and COLD. Time spent before being seen by a doctor, consultation time, waiting time for laboratory results, mean waiting time at the pharmacy and opinion about waiting time at the hospital service were examined as potential predictors of waiting time. The results showed that 77% of the cases attending emergency departments were not at all emergency cases and can be easily managed at Primary Health Care level The mean waiting time was 14.46 minutes. The mean consultation time per patient [both HOT and COLD] was 7.1 minutes. The longest waiting time spent was in the laboratory. This study concluded that overburdening the system unnecessarily by cold cases, probably delays the management of serious cases and increases the time spent in the different departments

Synthesis of certin 2-aroylindole derivatives of poential analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antopyretic activities

In the present study, a series of 2-aroylindole derivatives were synthesized by phase transfer catalysis [PTC] and were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral and Elemental analysis. Indole derivatives 6a-g, 7a-f 8a-f and 9a-13a were tested for analgesic activity using hot-plate test. Compounds 7b and 8b were tested far antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity using yeast induced hyperthermia and paw edema in rats. Analgesic activity was shown when indole nucleus was substituted at position 2 and 3 by phenyl and [p-halo] benzoyl moieties respectively, where highest activity was recognised in compounds 7b and 8b. Both compounds also exhibited faster, more effective and prolonged reduction in hyperthermia and edema induced in rats compared with indomethacin. Compounds 7b and 8b were also tested for ulcerogenic activity in mice, where a lower ulcerogenie effect was observed compared with indomethacin at all tested dose levels

Long-term fate of gastrocystoplasty and enterocystoplasty: an experimental study

This study was carried out on 100 rats with an average weight of 250 grams. They were divided Into 5 groups: 20 non-operated rats served as a control group, while 20 rats each underwent sham procedure, gastrocystoplasty, ileocystoplasty and sigmoidocystoplasty. All operations were performed with microsurgery by a technique which is described. The rats were sacrificed 12 months postoperatively. There were no differences in serum electrolytes or renal function between the single groups. All urine cultures taken pre- and postoperatively were sterile. Prominent histopathologic changes were observed in the transplanted gastric and intestinal tissues and in the adjacent bladder wall. Possible aetiologies are discussed, but the actual aetiology and the potential for malignant progression of these lesions are unknown. Thus further studies with longer follow-up are warranted

Ventral hernia in a foal, a case report

One year old foal suffered from ventral hernia at the left side. The case was associated with diffuse inflammatory oedema of the ventral abdominal wall and the prepuce. Surgical treatment was adopted with encouraging results and the ainimal did well ten days post operatively

Surgical management of tracheal fistula in a dog [clinical report]

A male wolf dog 2 years old was suffering from an old traumatic wound involving the ventral as well as the general aspect of the neck resulting in a tracheal fistula. Trials for treatment were done, by the owner, without improvement. Surgical interference for the case was successful