Application studies of the effect of some non-ionic surfactants as additives [dispersants] in coatings

A series of new non-ionic surfactants [as dispersants], 3, 3 [azanediyl] bis [1 -morpholinopropan-2-ol] derivatives 4a-d were prepared from morpholine and a product of reaction of epichlorohydrin with different amines 2a-d [decyl amine, 2-ethyl hexyl amine, octyl amine, hexyl amine], respectively. Their effects as dispersing agents were evaluated and compared with standard dispersant used and without dispersant in two types of emulsion paints formulations [matt, semi gloss] by measuring grinding fineness of dispersions. viscosity, gloss, opacity [contrast ratio] and color development [whiteness, yellowness]