Psychometric properties of a theory of planned behavior questionnaire for tobacco use in male adolescents

Background: Various studies all over the world have found support for the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior with respect to smoking. In the absence of a valid and reliable theory of planned behavior [TPB] questionnaire for tobacco use in Iran, the purpose of this study was to design and assess the validity and reliability of the tobacco use theory of planned behavior scale in Iranian male adolescents

Materials and Methods: Four hundred and seven students, aged between 14 and 19 years, served as the subjects of this study. They were selected through multi-stage random sampling. A questionnaire was designed based on Ajzen's advice. The reliability coefficients were calculated by two different methods: Cronbach alpha and test-retest. Also, in order to determine the validity of the scale, we used three methods, including face validity, content validity, and construct validity

Results: Factor analysis showed that TPB consisted of 4 components [attitude, perceived control behavior, subjective norms, and intention], which explained 61% of common variance. Results show the total test-retest reliability and internal consistency to be 0.84 and 0.86, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis results show that the four-factor model of TPB fits the Iranian sample

Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the tobacco use TPB scale were acceptable and suitable

[Reasons for using withdrawal contraception: a qualitative study]

To identify reasons why married women use withdrawal when they do not desire pregnancy. This was a qualitative study. We performed 50 interviews with women who were using withdrawal contraception. Theory of Planned Behavior used as framework for elicitation salient believes about contraception methods. Participants were married women who were not currently pregnant, not desire to have a child, using withdrawal contraception. Women gave many reasons for using withdrawal contraception. Three major categories emerged: behavioral believes, normative believes and control believes. The results suggest that multidimensional interventions may be needed to effectively reduce withdrawal contraception and unwanted pregnancy

[ effect of health education based on health belief model on preventive actions of AIDS on addict in Zarandieh]

Based on World Health Organization [WHO] studies health education is the best possible way for HIV prevention. To Fulfit the matter high risk population is the priority. Injecting drug user is heavily affected and accounts for near 66% of all cases. This study goal is to affect of health education program based on HBM model on the AIDS preventive behaviors of addict in zarandieh. This is a quasi-experimental before and after study, on 48 male addicted Tavoloddobareh association of Zarandieh selected as research units. Data collection tool was a questionnaire design based on Health Belief Model [HBM], knowledge and behavior. The training content was designed, edited, and executed after the analysis of the results of the first test. Two months after the intervention, the secondary test was performed using the same questionnaire. Function collected data was analyzed statically tests like t-test, chi-square. 42% of addicted had good knowledge, 31% of them, had risky sexual and 45% had drugs injection. There were significant different, better mean scores of all parts before and after educational intervention. The results of the study indicated, designed health education program, on the basic of HBM was effective in AIDS preventive behaviors: this research suggest intervention study by using other methods a model for behaviors change

[Transtheoretical model-based [TTM] interventions to improve physical activities in elderly men]

Understanding and influencing the determinants of physical activity is an important public health challenge. This study examines the application of key constructs of the transtheoretical model to physical activity behaviors for aged people. This study is a field trial with census sampling. Sixty healthy adult men at Kahrizak nursing home in 1386 completed a questionnaire including demographics and self-reported levels of physical activity, constructed from the Transtheoretical Model [TTM], before and after two months of intervention. The interventional program included tailored counseling and focus group. The data were then analyzed with T test, X[2], pair T test and Wilcoxon, using SPSS software. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the effect of health education program on increasing stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance and physical activity behavior in elderly people [p<0.0001]. Educational physical activity interventions can result in increased physical activity, thus, health education program based on TTM has had positive effect on promotion physical activity behavior. It can be recommended that health education be used on educational models

[Effects of progressive muscular relaxation training on anxiety level and health related quality of life in anxious patients after coronary artery bypass surgery]

There is a lack of clinical trials studying the effects of relaxation techniques as a basis of stress management on anxiety and quality of life in anxious patients after heart surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscular relaxation training on reducing anxiety and improving quality of life among patients with high levels of anxiety after coronary artery bypass graft surgery [CABG]. A randomized controlled trial with a prospective pretest-posttest experimental design was used. One hundred ten patients with threatening anxiety level, 6 weeks after coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received progressive muscular relaxation [PMR] training, and the control group received only routine cardiac rehabilitation care. State/trait anxiety was measured with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and quality of life was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. There were significant reductions in state anxiety] P=0.001] and trait anxiety[P=0.001] in the experimental group when compared with the controls after the intervention. Significant improvements were found in the following quality of life measures after participating in progressive muscular relaxation training: physical functioning[P=0.00001], role-physical [P=0.03], bodily pain[P=0.00001], general health[P=0.00001], vitality[P=0.00001], social functioning[P=0.001], role-emotional [P=0.00001] and mental health[P=0.00001]. Teaching relaxation techniques could serve as a resource for improving heart patients' psychological health and quality of life

[Efficacy of AIDS prevention training program on knowledge, attitude and practice of chabahar sailors, Iran]

AIDS is one of the epidemic diseases around the world and in the developing countries in particular. To define the pattern of transmission of AIDS in the southern regions of Sistan-va-Baluchestan province namely Chabahar this research was done on Chabahar sailors traveling regularly between Chabahar and overseas. This research is a Quasi-Experimental study carried out with 130 participants. Questionnaires were used as the data collection tool. Questionnaires were completed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the sailors about AIDS. Then training programs including the educational materials, lectures, face to face discussions, and educational films were presented. Knowledge, attitude and practice of the sailors were evaluated for the second time two months after the educational programs. The data were analyzed according to suitable statistical methods. 21% of sailors had history of sexual intercourse while residing in abroad; and our health educational programs promoted knowledge [27.74 vs. 36.33], attitude [29.45 vs. 42.48] and practice [23.91 vs. 30.45] significantly. Use different educational methods for improvement of knowledge, attitude, and practice of sailors [as a high risk group] have to be considered seriously and by health managers