Maintenance of sterility in SMS packaging in dental environments: concern with biosafety

Healthcare services must be guided by biosafety practices and microbial control. This control is highly influenced by humidity, which directly impacts the maintenance of sterility of the materials used in the appointments. High concentration of moisture, in the form of aerosol, splashes and spills, is caused during dental care. During the COVID-19 times the contamination by aerosol and droplets worries greatly. Considering that it could cause harm to the sterility of an autoclaved material, especially in dental environments, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of SMS sterilization packages (Spunbonded / Meltblown / Spunbonded) against microbial penetration in an aqueous vehicle. SMS of three brands were challenged, equally divided into two groups: virgin and processed (subjected to a single autoclaving cycle). Each specimen was aseptically deposited on Macconkey agar. Subsequently, 5 µL of Escherichia coliATCC 25922 saline solution [108CFU mL-1] was deposited in center of the SMS specimen and the dish incubated at36°C/ 48h. Reading was performed by the presence or absence of bacterial growth typical of the species under the SMS, observed on the back of Petri dish. The lowest penetration rate observed was 60% for one of the brands in the virgin condition, and 75% for two brands in the processed condition. Statistical analysis showed an association between bacterial penetration and the evaluated group, this association being valid only in the virgin condition. The different SMS behave similarly in terms of resistance to bacterial penetration after being processed. The data show that moisture can assist in bacterial transport through sterilized SMS. Therefore, SMS packages are not able to prevent bacterial penetration, and possibly other microorganisms, when in aqueous vehicles, offering a potential risk of breaking the aseptic chain. Thus, care must be taken in routines for handling and storage sterile packaging.

A comparative evaluation of gingival microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restoration with two different lining techniques An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the gingival microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restoration restored with precure and co-cure lining techniques using stereomicroscopic method. Materials and Methods: Forty-five freshly extracted permanent multirooted human molar teeth were collected and used in the study. After surface debridement and scaling of all teeth, standard Class II mesio-occlusal cavities were prepared. Forty-five samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 15), and filled according to manufacturer's instructions. Group I was precure group, Group II was co-cure group, and Group III was only bulk fill. The finishing and polishing of the restorations was done after 24 h. Then, all the specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles. The gingival microleakage and internal voids of all the groups were evaluated using dye penetration method. Samples were then sectioned and examined under the stereomicroscope at ×40. Readings obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS ver 20.0 (IBM Corp, ARMONK USA) and Chi-square test. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that extent of microleakage was maximum in Group II (co-cure), followed by Group III (only bulk fill) and Group I (precure). The gingival voids were maximum in Group III (only bulk fill), minimum in Group II (co-cure), and least in Group I (precure). The cervical voids were maximum in Group II (co-cure) and Group III (only bulk fill), followed by Group I (precure). The occlusal voids were maximum in Group II (co-cure) and similar in Group I (precure) and Group III (only bulk fill). Conclusion: The precure lining technique was better than co-cure lining technique in terms of both microleakage and internal voids.

Indicadores multidimensionais do potencial esportivo de jovens basquetebolistas / Multidimensional indicatorsof sporting potential of young basketball players / Indicadores multidimensionales del potencial deportivo de los jóvenes basquetebolistas

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o perfil antropométrico, físico-motor, psicossocial, maturacional e habilidades táticas de jovens jogadores de basquetebol masculino de um colégio militar. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 318 escolares do sexo masculino, com idade entre 12 e 17 anos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: Jovens Atletas de Basquetebol (n=44) e Não Atletas (n=274). Foi aplicada uma bateria de testes para avaliação de indicadores multidimensionais do potencial esportivo. Resultados e Conclusão: Os jovens basquetebolistas apresentaram maior tamanho corporal, melhor desempenho físico-motor, melhores habilidades de copinge habilidades táticas além de possuírem maturação biológica avançada em relação aos não atletas. Estes resultados podem auxiliar os professores-treinadores no processo de formação e seleção de jovens basquetebolistas de nível escolar.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the anthropometric, physical-motor,psychosocial, maturational and tactical skills profile of young male basketball players from a military college. Methods: The sample consisted of 318 male students, aged 12 to 17 years, who were divided into two groups: young basketball athletes (n = 44) and non-athletes (n = 274). A battery of tests was applied to evaluate multidimensional indicators of sporting potential. Results and Conclusion:Young basketball players showed greater body size, better physical-motor performance, better coping skills and tactical skills, in addition to having advanced biological maturation compared to non-athletes. These results can help teachers-coaches in the process of training and selection of young basketball players at school level.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el perfil de habilidades antropométricas, físico-motoras, psicosociales, madurativas y tácticas de jóvenes basquetbolistas de un colegio militar. Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 318 estudiantes varones, con edades entre 12 y 17 años, que fueron divididos en dos grupos: Jóvenes Atletas de Baloncesto (n=44) y No Atletas (n=274). Se aplicó una batería de pruebas para evaluar indicadores multidimensionales de potencial deportivo. Resultados y conclusión: Los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto tenían mayor tamaño corporal, mejor rendimiento físico-motor, mejores habilidades de afrontamiento y habilidades tácticas, además de tener una maduración biológica avanzada en comparación con los no deportistas. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los docentes-entrenadores en el proceso de formación y selección de jóvenes basquetbolistas de nivel escolar.

Mapeamento da rede de atenção ao idoso de uma região de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais / Mapping of the elderly care network of a region from Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é considerado um dos maiores desafios da Saúde Pública, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. É relevante conhecer a rede de atenção para que possam ser elaboradas políticas, programas e ações que atendam as suas especificidades. O objetivo foi identificar e mapear a rede de atenção à população idosa da região Norte de Juiz de Fora (MG), com a finalidade de discutir estratégias de ação. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo que identifica os serviços ofertados aos idosos através de três etapas: listagem da rede de saúde; entrevistas com um representante; e uso de tecnologias de acesso livre da internet para mapear e catalogar os serviços ofertados. Resultados: De acordo com o Catálogo Social de Juiz de Fora, 30 serviços disponibilizam atividades de forma direta ou indiretamente; na internet foram encontradas cinco entidades que ofertam algum serviço, totalizando 35 locais que foram foco da pesquisa. Destes, 24 são serviços governamentais e 11 não governamentais, e 16 são da rede de saúde. Discussão: Dos serviços encontrados, a maioria era composta por serviços de saúde, coordenada pela atenção primária, indicando a necessidade de um sistema que tenha esta como coordenadora de outros serviços de saúde. Foi observado que as atividades estão frequentemente voltadas para ações individuais, com pouco enfoque para a coletividade, ações de prevenção de agravos e promoção de saúde. Considerações Finais: Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para futuros trabalhos que mobilizem a sociedade organizada e o Estado, no sentido de dar respostas às necessidades da população idosa, que tende a crescer ainda mais.

Introduction: Population aging is considered one of the major challenges of Public Health, especially in developing countries. It is relevant to know the network of attention so that policies, programs and actions can be elaborated that meet their specificities. The objective was to identify and to map the network of attention to the elderly population of the northern region of Juiz de Fora (MG), in order to discuss strategies of action. Methodology: It was a descriptive study that identifies the services offered to the elderly through three stages: health network listing; Interviews with a representative; the use of free internet access technologies to map and to catalog the offered services. Results: According to the Juiz de Fora Social Catalog, 30 services provide activities directly or indirectly; On the Internet, five entities that offer some service were found, totaling 35 places that were the focus of the research. Of these, 24 are governmental services, 11 are non-governmental, and 16 are from the health network. Discussion: Among the services found the majority was composed of health services, coordinated by primary care indicating the need for a system that has it as coordinator of other health services. It was observed that activities are often focused on individual actions, with little focus on the community, and actions to prevent worsening and to promote health. Final Considerations: It is hoped that this study may contribute to future works that mobilize the organized society and the State, in order to respond to the needs of the elderly population, which tends to grow even more.

Effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Gel on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Second-Degree Burn Wound in Rats

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection often complicates burn wounds. Mupirocin is the antibiotic of choice for superficial MRSA infection, and its resistance is on the rise due to its frequent and widespread use. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Curcuma xanthorriza extract (CXE)-containing gel as a topical agent against MRSA-infected second-degree burn wound in rats. CXE was obtained using maceration with 96% ethanol. Xanthorrhizol level, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using a standardized method. In vivo, the wound’s healing and bacterial load were evaluated every three days, whereas the histopathology of the wound was examined on day 12 of treatment. One-Way ANOVA and KruskalWallis test were used to analyze the data. In this study, 27.0% and 7.10% of the obtained CXE were xanthorrhizol and curcumin, respectively. Additionally, an IC 50 of 64.27 ppm was shown in antioxidant activity measurement, and MIC against MRSA was 5 mg/ml. Treatment with CXE-containing gels showed a significant reduction in bacterial load and proliferation of connective tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, CXE-containing gel showed a greater reduction of bacterial load and more advanced wound healing phase than mupirocin.

Effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Gel on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Second-Degree Burn Wound in Rats

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection often complicates burn wounds. Mupirocin is the antibiotic of choice for superficial MRSA infection, and its resistance is on the rise due to its frequent and widespread use. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Curcuma xanthorriza extract (CXE)-containing gel as a topical agent against MRSA-infected second-degree burn wound in rats. CXE was obtained using maceration with 96% ethanol. Xanthorrhizol level, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using a standardized method. In vivo, the wound’s healing and bacterial load were evaluated every three days, whereas the histopathology of the wound was examined on day 12 of treatment. One-Way ANOVA and KruskalWallis test were used to analyze the data. In this study, 27.0% and 7.10% of the obtained CXE were xanthorrhizol and curcumin, respectively. Additionally, an IC 50 of 64.27 ppm was shown in antioxidant activity measurement, and MIC against MRSA was 5 mg/ml. Treatment with CXE-containing gels showed a significant reduction in bacterial load and proliferation of connective tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, CXE-containing gel showed a greater reduction of bacterial load and more advanced wound healing phase than mupirocin.

A importância da notificação compulsória frente à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) e Covid-19 / The importance of compulsory notification in the face of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (sars) and the novel coronavirus

Introdução: Em 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou uma Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional por conta do avanço da doença COVID-19. Tratando-se de um novo vírus que ainda não se detém completo conhecimento acerca de suas minuciosidades, é importante que se observem cenários pandêmicos e/ou epidêmicos anteriores e as estratégias que ali foram aplicadas, sobretudo no tocante ao monitoramento da evolução dos casos e à própria escalagem de contágios. Objetivos: Compreender o impacto e a importância da notificação rápida e eficiente de casos através do e-SUS Notifica e da Rede Nacional de Dados em Saúde (RNDS). Método: Revisão bibliográfica em artigos científicos e acadêmicos de relevância intelectual à comunidade acerca de dados e eventos epidemiológicos anteriores, conhecimentos atuais sobre o novo vírus e pesquisas em websites do governo com informações oficiais. Resultados: O controle da epidemia do primeiro SRAG-CoV (2003) se deu graças aos esforços e medidas rápidas de informação. A epidemia de influenza A, por sua vez, em 2009, conduziu o Brasil à criação de um importante sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, que se demonstra vital na luta contra o avanço pandêmico. Conclusão: A vigilância epidemiológica precisa contar com a tecnologia e, sobretudo, com sua velocidade. A integração dos sistemas informativos, e-SUS Notifica e a RNDS, ferramentas de grande importância à produção desta perspectiva real do avanço da pandemia, viabiliza a criação de estratégias políticas de enfrentamento e soma à ciência e à medicina informações que são cruciais neste momento.

Introduction: In 2020, the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to the advancement of COVID-19 disease. As it is a new virus whose details are not yet very known, it is essential to observe both previous pandemic and epidemic scenarios together with the applied strategies, especially concerning monitoring the evolution of cases and escalation of contagions. Objectives: To understand the impact and importance of rapid and efficient notification through e-SUS Notifica and RNDS (National Health Data Network) to health professionals. Methods: Bibliographic searches in scientific and academic articles of intellectual relevance to the community about previous epidemiological data and events, current knowledge about the new virus, and state official information websites. Results: The control of the epidemic of the first SRAG-CoV (2003) was due to efforts and quick information measures. In turn, the 2009 influenza epidemic led Brazil to the creation of an essential system of epidemiological surveillance, which proves to be vital in the fight against the current pandemic advance. Conclusion: Epidemiological surveillance needs to rely on technology and, above all, on its speed. The integration of the information systems, e-SUS Notifica and the RNDS, tools of great importance for the production of this real perspective of the advance of the pandemic, enables the creation of political coping strategies and adds to science and medicine some crucial information at the moment.

Plano de contingência do município de Almas para a infecção humana pelo novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) / Contingency plan of the municipality of Almas for human infection with the new Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Descrever as ações de Vigilância e Atenção em Saúde no município de Almas no Tocantins em todos os níveis de complexidade em consonância com a rede pública, privada e estadual, a serem executadas frente à detecção de um caso suspeito de Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (Covid-19). Objetiva minimizar riscos à população frente a um caso suspeito de COVID 2019, Divulgar informações em saúde, Estabelecer estratégias de Comunicação de Risco e Orientar a adoção de medidas preventivas e indicação de uso de Equipamento de proteção individual ­ EPI.

Describe the actions of Surveillance and Health Care in the municipality of Almas in Tocantins at all levels of complexity in line with the public, private and state network, to be carried out when detecting a suspected case of Human Infection by the new Coronavirus (Covid -19). It aims to minimize risks to the population in the face of a suspected case of COVID 2019, Disseminate health information, Establish Risk Communication strategies and Guide the adoption of preventive measures and indication of the use of Personal Protective Equipment - PPE.

Discretar las acciones de Vigilância e Atenção em Saúde en el municipio de Almas no Tocantins en todos los niveles de complejidad de acuerdo con una red pública, privada y estatal, a realizarse antes de la detección de un caso suspendido de infección humana por un nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19). Objetivo minimizar los riesgos para la población ante una falla del COVID 2019, Difundir información de salud, Poner en marcha estrategias de comunicación de Risco y Orientar la adopción de medidas preventivas e indicación del uso de Equipo de Protección Personal (EPP.

Décrire les actions de Surveillance et de Santé de la commune d'Almas à Tocantins à tous les niveaux de complexité en lien avec le réseau public, privé et étatique, à mener lors de la détection d'un cas suspect d'infection humaine par le nouveau Coronavirus (Covid -19). Il vise à minimiser les risques pour la population face à un cas suspect de COVID 2019, à diffuser des informations sanitaires, à établir des stratégies de communication des risques et à guider l'adoption de mesures préventives et l'indication de l'utilisation des équipements de protection individuelle - EPI.

Derivative Uv Spectroscopic Approaches In Multicomponent Analysis–A Review

The spectrophotometric multi-component analysis involves spectrum recording and mathematical equations. However, spectral interference poses a major limitation when mixture samples are encountered. To overcome this derivative spectrophotometry (DS) has been introduced for the resolution of overlapping peaks. In this review modified methods like derivative quotient spectra, double divisor ratio spectra derivative method, double divisor means centering of ratio spectra method, derivative subtraction coupled with the constant multiplication method (DS-CM), amplitude subtraction (AS), modified amplitude subtraction (MAS), amplitude factor method (P-Factor), amplitude modulation method (AM), amplitude summation method (A-Sum), simultaneous derivative ratio spectrophotometry (S1DD), derivative compensation ratio via regression equation, differential dual wavelength (D1 DWL), differential derivative ratio (D1DR), successive derivative subtraction method (SDS) and derivative transformation (DT) of derivative spectrophotometry theories and applications are reviewed. These methods were applied to solve different complex pharmaceuticals mixtures. These developed methods were simple and cost-effective.

Diabetic foot self-care: awareness and practice among type 2 diabetic patients in primary healthcare centers, Dubai Health Authority

Background: Diabetic foot disease is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. With appropriate management, approximately 49-85% of diabetic foot complications can be prevented. This study was carried out due to lack of population-based studies on foot self-care in the U.A.E. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness and practice of foot self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes and study the factors affecting foot self-care.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst patients of type-2 diabetes attending the diabetic clinics in primary healthcare centers under Dubai Health Authority. 488 participants were interviewed on a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The cumulative score of awareness and practice was classified into poor (<50 percentile), average (50-75 percentile) and good (>75 percentile).Results: 47% participants had an overall poor awareness and 46% had an overall poor practice of foot self-care. Compliance of medications to avoid complications had the highest awareness (83%) and practice (91%). Avoiding moisturizing between toes had the least awareness (40%) and practice (38%). Awareness was better in 59% of UAE nationals and 74% of postgraduates. Practice was better in 60% of males and 73% of participants with uncontrolled HbA1c. Participants who received prior information had better awareness (55%). Participants receiving information from Dubai Diabetes Centre (DDC) had better awareness (66%) and practice of foot self-care (66%).Conclusions: Almost half of the diabetic patients attending primary healthcare centers in Dubai have limited awareness and practice regarding diabetic foot self-care.

Tratamento da mordida aberta anterior: revisão de literatura / Treatment of previous open bite: literary review

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os tipos de tratamento empregados na correção da mordida aberta anterior. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Os termos inseridos na pesquisa foram: Mordida Aberta; Ortodontia Corretiva; Ortodontia; Ortodontia Interceptora; Open Bite; Orthodontics, Corrective; Orthodontics; Orthodontics, Interceptive. Revisão da Literatura: a mordida aberta anterior (MAA) é uma má oclusão dentária que pode promover alteração do perfil e da fisionomia do indivíduo, dificultando também a apreensão e o corte dos alimentos. A MAA é uma das más oclusões de maior comprometimento estético-funcional, podendo ser dentária ou esquelética. A etiologia da mordida aberta anterior é multifatorial, sendo que as principais causas são hereditariedade e causas ambientais. Esses fatores interferem no crescimento e desenvolvimento normais das estruturas faciais, modificando não somente a morfologia, mas, também, a função do sistema estomatognático. Considerações finais: conclui-se que o diagnóstico precoce e a remoção do fator etiológico são fundamentais para a evolução adequada do tratamento ortodôntico.(AU)

Objective: to perform a literature review on the types of treatment used in anterior open bite correction. Materials and methods: a search was performed in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The terms entered in the search were Mordida Aberta; Ortodontia Corretiva; Ortodontia; Ortodontia Interceptora; Open Bite; Orthodontics, Corrective; Orthodontics; Orthodontics, Interceptive. Literature Review: anterior open bite (AOB) is a dental malocclusion that may change the profile and physiognomy of individuals, making it difficult to grasp and cut food. The AOB is one of the malocclusions with the most aesthetic and functional impairments, and it may be dental or skeletal. The etiology of anterior open bite is multifactorial and the main causes are heredity and environmental causes. These factors interfere with the normal growth and development of facial structures, modifying not only the morphology but also the function of the stomatognathic system. Final considerations: it is concluded that the early diagnosis and removal of the etiological factor are essential for the proper evolution of the orthodontic treatment.(AU)

Thiosemicarbazone and thiazolylhydrazones of 1-indanone: as a new class of nonacidic anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation agents

This research based on the anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation properties of some new thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives of 1-indanone. In this regard a thiosemicabazone and twelve thiazolyl derivatives of 1-indanone have been synthesized. Out of these synthetic compounds seven derivatives 1-3, 6, 11-13 exhibited varying degree of anti-inflammatory action with IC50 esteems going from 5.1+/-1.3 - 78.8+/-4.6µM/mL. Compound 1 [IC50 =5.1+/-1.9µM] displayed potent result than standard ibuprofen [IC50 = 11.2+/-1.9 µM]. In antiplatelet aggregation assay, five compounds 1, 5, 6, 8 and 11 were observed to be dynamic with IC50 esteems observed in the range of 38.34-255.7+/-4.1µM, whereas, aspirin [IC50 = 30.3+/-2.6 µM] was used as standard. However, compound 11 was found to be good active for both anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation activities [IC50 = 13.9+/-4.9µg/mL] [IC50 = 38.60+/-3.1µM], respectively

Exercise training improves quality of life in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to evaluate the quality of life (HRQoL) in women with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) after 16 weeks of endurance training. Subjects and methods: In the first phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 22 women with sHT (median age: 41.5 (interquartile range: 175) years, body mass index: 26.2 (8.7) kg/m2, thyroid stimulating hormone > 4.94 mIU/L and free thyroxine between 0.8 and 1.3 ng/dL were compared to a group of 33 euthyroid women concerned to HRQoL. In the second phase, a randomized clinical trial was conducted where only women with sHT were randomly divided into two groups: sHT-Tr (n = 10) - participants that performed an exercise program - and sHT-Sed (n = 10) - controls. Exercise training consisted of 60 minutes of aerobic activities (bike and treadmill), three times a week, for 16 weeks. The HRQoL was assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire in the early and at the end of four months. Results: Women with sHT had lower scores on functional capacity domain in relation to the euthyroid ones (770 ± 23.0 vs. 88.8 ± 14.6; p = 0.020). The sHT-Tr group improved functional capacity, general health, emotional aspects, mental and physical component of HRQoL after training period, while the sHT-Sed group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: After 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training, there were remarkable improvements in HRQoL in women with sHT.

NO-cGMP-K channel-dependent anti-nociceptive activities of methanol stem bark extract of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Mimosaceae) on rats

Objective: To explore anti-hyperalgesic properties of methanol extract of Piptadeniastrum africanum stem bark (PAME) and it possible action mechanism. Methods: PAME was tested on carrageenan induced hyperalgesia using plantar test (thermal) and analgesymeter (mechanical) in rats, on prostaglandin E

Biologia sintética aplicada na agropecuária, química e farmácia: uma revisão / Synthetic biology applied in agriculture, chemistry and pharmacy: a review / Biología sintética aplicada en la agropecuaria, química y farmacia: una revisión

A biologia sintética é uma ciência que está crescendo em estudos de pesquisas devido à capacidade que tem de criar organismos e micro-organismos vivos que produzam uma função que naturalmente não realizam. Pesquisadores têm se mostrado eficientes na criação de genes em laboratórios por meio do código da vida e sintetizadores, padronizando genomas com um determinado fim. A agronomia, química e farmácia têm sido as grandes áreas que essa ciência vem sendo desenvolvida. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica relatando alguns desenvolvimentos produzidos pelos pesquisadores das áreas afins. Com a biologia sintética foi possível a utilização de bactérias contra células cancerígenas, bactérias que produz biocombustível, assim como antibióticos produzidos por bactérias, entre outros.(AU)

The number of research studies in synthetic biology is increasing due to its capacity of creating live organisms and micro-organisms that can produce features that are not naturally produced. Researchers have been efficient in creating genes in laboratory through the code of life and synthesizers, standardizing genomes for a given purpose. Agriculture, chemistry and pharmacy have been the main areas developed by this science. Therefore, this study had the purpose of performing a literature review reporting some of the developments produced by researchers in the correlated areas. Synthetic biology enabled the use of bacteria against cancer cells, bacteria that can produce biofuel, as well as bacteria-produced antibiotics, among others.(AU)

La biología sintética es una ciencia que está creciendo en estudios de investigación debido a la capacidad que tiene de crear organismos y microorganismos vivos que produzcan una función que naturalmente no realizan. Investigadores se han mostrado eficientes en la creación de genes en laboratorios a través del código de la vida y sintetizadores, estandarizando genomas con un determinado fin. La agronomía, química y farmacia han sido las grandes áreas que esta ciencia viene siendo desarrollada. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una investigación bibliográfica relatando algunos desarrollos producidos por los investigadores de las áreas afines. Con la biología sintética fue posible el uso de bacterias contra células cancerígenas, bacterias que producen biocombustibles, así como antibióticos producidos por bacterias, entre otros.(AU)

NO-cGMP-K channel-dependent anti-nociceptive activities of methanol stem bark extract of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Mimosaceae) on rats

Objective:To explore anti-hyperalgesic properties of methanol extract of Piptadeniastrum africanum stem bark (PAME) and it possible action mechanism.Methods:PAME was tested on carrageenan induced hyperalgesia using plantar test (thermal) and analgesymeter (mechanical) in rats,on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced mechanical hyperalgesia and vincristine induced neuropathic pain in rat,both with analgesymeter.Modulators of NO/cGMP/K+ channel pathway and endogenous opioids receptor antagonists and/or agonists were used to determine the possible action mechanism of PAME.Results:PAME significantly decreased carrageenan induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia,as well as PGE2 induced mechanical hyperalgesia.PAME significantly protected the animals against the installation of neuropathic pain.Anti-nociception activity produced by PAME was significantly blocked in animals pre treated with all the antagonists (naloxone,NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME),methylene blue and glibenclamide).Conclusions:Results of this study reveal that,PAME administrate orally,can induce anti-hyperalgesic action against installation of inflammatory pain as well as neuropathic pain.The mechanism underlying PAME antihyperalgesic effect could probably be associated with an activation of opioid receptors and NO/cGMP/K+ channel pathway.

Assessment of human health risk associated with the presence of pesticides in chicken eggs

The presence of pesticides in the environment is highly toxic to environment and human health. Aim of the study was determination, quantification and assessment of associated health risk due to presence of pesticide residues in chicken eggs using high pressure liquid chromatography. HPLC method was successfully employed and validated. From collected samples pesticides were extracted in presence of petroleum ether and acetonitrile. Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole residues were found in all samples with different concentration exceeding maximum residue limits (MRL) of Codex Alimentarius Commission. However imidacloprid was not detected in any sample. Concentration of bifenthrin in house egg samples ranged from 0.256206 to 4.112387 mg/kg while in poultry farm samples it varied from 1.5862 to 5.80796 mg/kg. Difenoconazole was found in concentration of 0.02835 mg/kg, 1.7668 mg/kg, 3.7205 mg/kg, 21.8937 mg/kg 21.9835 mg/kg, 19.26407 mg/kg in samples collected from houses while and in poultry farm samples its detected concentration was 10.939 mg/kg, 12.3296 mg/kg, 29.3617 mg/kg, 18.6116 mg/kg, 40.0523 mg/kg and 19.2335 mg/kg. Concentrations of both pesticides Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole exceeded the MRLs (0.05 mg/kg). Health risk index surpassed 1 (the cut off value) for Difenoconazole in seven samples while for Bifenthrin values were less than 1, indicating the possibility of potential medium to long term health risk associated with ingestion of contaminated eggs.(AU)

Tackling the Challenge of the Aging Society: Detecting and Preventing Cognitive and Physical Decline through Games and Consumer Technologies / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to review some of the approaches employed to address health and well-being issues in the elderly population. METHODS: This article reviews and analyses a range of projects and approaches designed for the elderly population and aimed at preserving and/or enhancing physical and cognitive capabilities in later life. RESULTS: Various intervention measures have been developed across the globe to preserve and/or enhance physical and cognitive capabilities of the elderly population. A selection of these measures is described in this article. CONCLUSIONS: Approaches which combine games psychology and mechanics with enabling technologies designed to engage, influence and motivate elderly people can encourage healthy active aging lifestyles. Healthy active aging helps to realise a double dividend of reduced healthcare costs and an improved quality of life for the elder citizen.

Indicadores de qualidade do solo cultivado com café, pastagem e integração pastagem e eucalipto / Quality indicators of soil cultivated with coffee, pasture, and pasture and eucalyptus integration / Indicadores de calidad del suelo cultivado con café, pastaje e integración pastaje y eucalipto

A demanda crescente da utilização dos solos exige soluções que permitam incentivar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sem comprometer a sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes culturas como café, pastagem e manejo integrado de pastagem e eucalipto na qualidade química e microbiológica do solo. Foram analisados da parte química o pH do solo, nitrogênio, carbono orgânico total e fósforo do solo e da parte microbiológica foram analisados a densidade de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal do solo e coeficiente metabólico do solo qCO2. O pH do solo variou de 5,38 no manejo de pasto e eucalipto para 4,70 nas áreas cultivadas com pasto. A densidades de esporos de FMAs e o CBM na área de integração de pasto e eucalipto foram aumentados em relação à área cultivada com café, e o qCO2 foi aumentado com o cultivo do café, indicando que o cultivo de café eleva a condição de estresse do solo nas condições avaliadas. Concluindo, portanto, que as diferentes formas de uso e manejo das três áreas estudadas apontaram variações do comportamento de suas propriedades químicas e microbiológicas, entretanto, o manejo que se destacou foi a de eucalipto com a integração de pastagens, sendo mais sustentável.(AU)

The increasing demand for land use requires solutions that encourage its socio-economic development without compromising the sustainability of natural resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different crops such as coffee, pasture and the integrated management of pasture and eucalyptus in the chemical and microbiological quality of the soil. Chemical tests were performed to obtain the pH, nitrogen, total organic carbon, and phosphorus contents on the land, while microbiological parameters analyzed the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR) and soil metabolic coefficient qCO2. The soil pH varied from 5.38 in the management of pasture and eucalyptus to 4.70 in the areas cultivated with only pasture. The density of AMF spores and the MBC were higher in the pasture and eucalyptus integration when compared with coffee cultivation; the qCO2 in soil with coffee was higher than that found for the integration of pasture and eucalyptus. Those results indicate that coffee cultivated in those conditions increase stress in the soil due to higher SBR. It can be concluded that the different forms of use and management of the three studied areas show variations in the behavior of the chemical and microbiological properties in the soil, and eucalyptus with pasture integration presents a better sustainable soil management.(AU)

La demanda creciente de utilización del suelo exige soluciones que permitan incentivar el desarrollo socioeconómico sin comprometer la sustentabilidad de los recursos naturales. Así, el objetivo de ese estudio ha sido evaluar los efectos de diferentes culturas como café, pastaje y manejo integrado de pastaje y eucalipto en la calidad química y microbiológica del suelo. Se analizaron de la parte química, el pH del suelo, nitrógeno, carbono orgánico total y fosforo del suelo, y de la parte microbiológica se analizaron la densidad de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono de la biomasa microbiana (CBM), respiración basal del suelo y coeficiente metabólico del suelo qCO2. El pH del suelo osciló de 5,38 en el manejo de pasto y eucalipto para 4,70 las áreas cultivadas con pasto. La densidad de esporos de FMAs y el CBM en el área de integración de pasto y eucalipto han aumentado en relación al área cultivada con café, y el qCO2 fue aumentado con el cultivo de café, indicando que el cultivo de café eleva la condición de estrés del suelo en las condiciones evaluadas. Concluyendo, por lo tanto, que las diferentes formas de uso y manejo de las tres áreas estudiadas, apuntaron variaciones de comportamiento de sus propiedades químicas y microbiológicas, entretanto el manejo que se destacó fue la del eucalipto con la integración de pastajes, siendo más sostenible.(AU)

Mucopolysaccharidoses - clinical spectrum and frequency of different types

Objective: To determine the relative frequency and clinical features of different varieties of mucopolysaccharidosis

Study Design: Descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January 2013 to December 2015

Methodology: All patients who had any feature suggestive of mucopolysaccharidosis were screened with detailed history, clinical examination and skeletal survey. Urine samples for glycosaminoglycan [GAGs] levels and dried blood samples for enzyme analysis were sent. Patients who were confirmed to be suffering from mucopolysaccharidosis were included in the study. The data was analysed using SSPS version 20

Results: A total of 90 confirmed MPS cases, 52 males and 38 females, median age 42 months, were included. Hurler/Hurler-Scheie syndrome was the most frequent [75, 83.33%] followed by Morquio [6, 6.67%], Sanfilippo [5, 5.56%], Maroteaux-Lamy [3, 3.33%] and Hunter [1, 1.11%] syndromes. Consanguinity was present in 79 [87.78%] cases. Common features were hepatomegaly [80, 88.89%], coarse facies [70, 77.78%], splenomegaly [67, 74.44%], and bone disease [48, 53.33%]

Conclusion: Most common variety of mucopolysaccharidosis was Hurler/Hurler Scheie followed by Morquio syndrome. Most of the patients were born to consanguineous parents. Common clinical features were coarse facies, hepatosplenomegaly and dysostosis multiplex