[Hepatitis B virus x protein coding sequence variation in chronically infected patient]

Background and Objective: Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus [HBV] is one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]

The pathogenicity of the virus is determined by the multi-functional protein x [HBx]. Changing the sequence of the gene encoding this protein causes the regulation of transcription and pathogenicity factors. This study was done to analyze the genetic dynamics of the HBx coding gene in a person with chronic HBV

Methods: In this descriptive laboratory study, an infected person with chronic hepatitis B virus infection was first amplified and cloned into complete sequence of HBx encoder. Then, the reference sequences of genotypes, serotypes and different virus subtypes of the GenBank database were matched by CLC Sequence Viewer software. The comparative result was used to plot the phylogenic tree by T-rex server and population genetic analysis using DnaSP software. Natural selection at the nucleotide and protein level was performed by the Tajima's D test

Results: No known mutation at the level of the protein was found in the chronic sequence of the HBx encoder. The results of natural selection indicated neutral mutations in the HBx gene. The phylogenetic results showed that the HBx encoding sequences in the chronic infected individual had a genetic affinity with genotype D and ayw2 subtype

Conclusion: Neutrality polymorphism takes place in HBx coding region. Also, the phylogenetic results of the present study are consistent with the previous findings of Golestan province and Iran which have reported the prevalence of genotype D and subspecies ayw2

[ comparison of therapeutic effect between mefenamic acid and mefenamic acid plus fish oil in reduction of the severity of pain in primary dysmenorrhea]

Introduction: dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder that at least half of women experience it in their reproductive period. The most important cause of primary dysmenorrhea is the enhancement of prostaglandins production and their role in appearance of the pain

Objective: the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Mefenamic Acid and fish oil with Mefenamic Acid alone in reduction of the severity of pain in primary dysmenorrhea

Materials and Methods: this study was designed as a double blind crossover trial. 60 women with primary dysmenenorrhea presenting to Zahedan Ghods hospital clinic were selected as presenting sample and divided into two groups 1 and 2 alternately. First group used Mefenamic Acid and Fish oil for 2 first months, then they didn't take any treatment for 2 months and then used Mefenamic Acid with the previous dose and similar placebo for 2 months. Second group used this therapeutic regime reversely. Visual analogue scale [VAS] was used to assess the response to treatment

Results: the results indicated that the efficacy of prescription of Mefenamic Acid and Fish oil in reduction of the severity of the pain is significantly more than Mefenamic Acid and placebo

Conclusion: so, it is recommended to use Mefenamic Acid and fish oil instead of increasing dosage of NSAIDS