Evaluation of surface roughness and color change of bovine enamel after immersion in dye solution

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of dye solution on enamel color change after bleaching protocols and the effectiveness in maintaining the color of these agents. Material and Methods: The buccal surfaces of sixty-five bovine incisors were cleaned and polished, and the enamel specimens were divided into thirteen groups: G1 to G6: treated with 6% hydrogen peroxide using different surface agents; G7 to G12: treated with 15% hydrogen peroxide using different surface agents; G13: control. After 24 hours, the groups treated were immersed in black tea solution; the control group was stored in artificial saliva. The color was evaluated prior to bleaching, 24 hours later and after immersion in the dye solution; the roughness was measured immediately after bleaching, 24 hours later and 7 days after immersion in the dye solution. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Miller test for roughness analysis, and the Duncan test for color change analysis. It was used 5% significant level with p<0.05. Results: The data found in the evaluation of surface roughness after bleaching indicated a reduction of roughness in all the groups. The surface agent Bifluoride, when applied, showed an increase in roughness after its application and it decreases after immersion in dye solution; the surface agent Desensibilize and the XP Bond adhesive showed greater color alteration after immersion in dye solution. Conclusions: All the groups studied, under different whitening technique, were effective in promoting whitening.

Effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement lining and composite layering technique on the adhesive interface of lateral wall

Interface integrity can be maintained by setting the composite in a layering technique and using liners. Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) lining and composite layering technique on the bond strength of the dentin/resin adhesive interface of lateral walls of occlusal restorations. Material and Methods Occlusal cavities were prepared in 52 extracted sound human molars, randomly assigned into 4 groups: Group 2H (control) – no lining + two horizontal layers; Group 4O: no lining + four oblique layers; Group V-2H: RMGIC lining (Vitrebond) + two horizontal layers; and Group V-4O: RMGIC lining (Vitrebond) + four oblique layers. Resin composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) was placed after application of an adhesive system (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) dyed with a fluorescent reagent (Rhodamine B) to allow confocal microscopy analysis. The teeth were stored in deionized water at 37oC for 24 hours before being sectioned into 0.8 mm slices. One slice of each tooth was randomly selected for Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. The other slices were sectioned into 0.8 mm x 0.8 mm sticks to microtensile bond strength test (MPa). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher's test. Results There was no statistical difference on bond strength among groups (p>0.05). CLSM analysis showed no significant statistical difference regarding the presence of gap at the interface dentin/resin among groups. Conclusions RMGIC lining and composite layering techniques showed no effect on the microtensile bond strength and gap formation at the adhesive interface of lateral walls of high C-factor occlusal restorations. .

Efeito da contaminação salivar na resistência de união da interface dentina/resina composta, tratada com clorexidina 0,2% / Effect of saliva contamination on the bond strength to dentin

O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi analisar o efeito da contaminação por saliva na interface dentina/resina composta formada por dois sistemas adesivos (convencional de 3 e 2 passos), em dentina tratada com clorexidina a 0,2%, após 24 horas, 6 meses e 12 meses, para verificar a resistência de união (RU) e análise da interface adesiva em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) . Os espécimes foram tratados com dois tipos de adesivos Adper Single Bond (SB) e Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP) e divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos de acordo com o tratamento da dentina após a desmineralização com ácido fosfórico 37% por 15s. SB ou MP (controle): sem contaminação, sem clorexidina; SB-S ou MP-S: com contaminação, sem clorexidina; SB-Chx ou MP-Chx: sem contaminação, com clorexidina; SB-S-Chx ou MP-S-Chx-: com contaminação, com clorexidina. Foram utilizados 104 terceiros molares humanos hígidos: 24 para análise em MEV e 80 para teste de microtração. Para teste de RU, os dentes (n=10) foram submetidos aos procedimentos restauradores com Filtek Z250 de acordo com o grupo a que pertenciam e, após 24 horas, seccionados em máquina de corte para a obtenção dos palitos que foram alocados em grupos para a realização dos testes nos três tempos estudados (os espécimes armazenados ficram em óleo mineral). Após o teste, a RU foi calculada e as superfícies fraturadas de ambos os segmentos foram analisadas para determinação do padrão de fratura. Para análise em MEV, os espécimes (n=3) foram submetidos aos procedimentos restauradores de acordo com o grupo a que pertenciam e decorridas 24 horas da restauração, cada dente foi seccionado com disco diamantado no sentido vestíbulolingual para obtenção de fatias em torno de 0,8mm de espessura que foram divididas em dois grupos (imediato e 6 meses) e os espécimes armazenados ficaram em cloramina 1%. Cada fatia foi analisada em 3 pontos e a espessura da camada híbrida (CH) mensurada em cada um deles. As médias da RU e espessura da CH...

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on the dentin/composite resin interface treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine after 24 hours, 6 months and 12 months. The teeth (n=80) were randomly divided into 8 groups according to the treatment of the dentine after demineralization with 37% phosphoric acid for 15s: Adper Single Bond - SB or Scotchbond Multipurpose - MP (control): no contamination, no chlorhexidine; SB-S or MP-S: saliva contamination, no chlorhexidine; SB-Chx or MP-Chx: no contamination, with chlorhexidine; SB-S-Chx or MP-S-Chx: with contamination, with chlorhexidine. After restorative procedures with Filtek Z250, the teeth were stored in water at 37oC for 24 hours prior to been cut into beams for the microtensile test performed after 24 hours, 6 months and 12 months. Another 24 teeth submitted to the same procedures and divided into the same groups (n=3) were analyzed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microtensile bond strength and the hybrid layer thickness were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance level of 5%. The bond strength mean values (MPa±sd: Immediate/6 months/1 year) were: SB (17.6±3.61; 19.5±5.46; 26.5±5.4); SB-S (15.9±5.71; 17.7±2.46; 21.8±4.1); SB-Chx (13.6±3.35; 18.7±3.89; 23.6±7.7); SB-S-Chx (15.8±3.47; 19.6±5.31; 24.1±5.0); MP (13.3±4.42; 20.7±4.09; 23.7±8.0); MP-S (12.4±3.34; 16.4±4.58; 22.2±6.2); MP-Chx (14.1±4.43; 18.9±4.33; 22.6±8.3); MP-S-Chx (11.9±2.16; 15.0±4.01; 20.9±4.9). The hybrid layer thickness mean values (Mean±sd: Immediate/6 months) were: SB (2.51±0.22; 1.71±0.17); SB-S (2.04±0.21; 1.54±0.21); SB-Chx (1.89±0.27; 1.82±0.38); SB-SChx (2.67±0.29; 1.86±0.19); MP (2.32±0.20; 1.69±0.29); MP-S (2.53±0.32; 1.32±0.15); MPChx (2.58±0.22; 1.41±0.42); MP-S-Chx (1.88±0.31; 1.52±0.40). Therefore, it can be concluded that saliva contamination did not affect the bond strength of the dentin/composite resin interface (treated or not with 0.2%...

Efeito da contaminação salivar na resistência de união da interface dentina/resina composta, tratada com clorexidina 0,2% / Effect of saliva contamination on the bond strength to dentin

O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi analisar o efeito da contaminação por saliva na interface dentina/resina composta formada por dois sistemas adesivos (convencional de 3 e 2 passos), em dentina tratada com clorexidina a 0,2%, após 24 horas, 6 meses e 12 meses, para verificar a resistência de união (RU) e análise da interface adesiva em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) . Os espécimes foram tratados com dois tipos de adesivos Adper Single Bond (SB) e Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP) e divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos de acordo com o tratamento da dentina após a desmineralização com ácido fosfórico 37% por 15s. SB ou MP (controle): sem contaminação, sem clorexidina; SB-S ou MP-S: com contaminação, sem clorexidina; SB-Chx ou MP-Chx: sem contaminação, com clorexidina; SB-S-Chx ou MP-S-Chx-: com contaminação, com clorexidina. Foram utilizados 104 terceiros molares humanos hígidos: 24 para análise em MEV e 80 para teste de microtração. Para teste de RU, os dentes (n=10) foram submetidos aos procedimentos restauradores com Filtek Z250 de acordo com o grupo a que pertenciam e, após 24 horas, seccionados em máquina de corte para a obtenção dos palitos que foram alocados em grupos para a realização dos testes nos três tempos estudados (os espécimes armazenados ficram em óleo mineral). Após o teste, a RU foi calculada e as superfícies fraturadas de ambos os segmentos foram analisadas para determinação do padrão de fratura. Para análise em MEV, os espécimes (n=3) foram submetidos aos procedimentos restauradores de acordo com o grupo a que pertenciam e decorridas 24 horas da restauração, cada dente foi seccionado com disco diamantado no sentido vestíbulolingual para obtenção de fatias em torno de 0,8mm de espessura que foram divididas em dois grupos (imediato e 6 meses) e os espécimes armazenados ficaram em cloramina 1%. Cada fatia foi analisada em 3 pontos e a espessura da camada híbrida (CH) mensurada em cada um deles. As médias da RU e espessura da CH...

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on the dentin/composite resin interface treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine after 24 hours, 6 months and 12 months. The teeth (n=80) were randomly divided into 8 groups according to the treatment of the dentine after demineralization with 37% phosphoric acid for 15s: Adper Single Bond - SB or Scotchbond Multipurpose - MP (control): no contamination, no chlorhexidine; SB-S or MP-S: saliva contamination, no chlorhexidine; SB-Chx or MP-Chx: no contamination, with chlorhexidine; SB-S-Chx or MP-S-Chx: with contamination, with chlorhexidine. After restorative procedures with Filtek Z250, the teeth were stored in water at 37oC for 24 hours prior to been cut into beams for the microtensile test performed after 24 hours, 6 months and 12 months. Another 24 teeth submitted to the same procedures and divided into the same groups (n=3) were analyzed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microtensile bond strength and the hybrid layer thickness were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance level of 5%. The bond strength mean values (MPa±sd: Immediate/6 months/1 year) were: SB (17.6±3.61; 19.5±5.46; 26.5±5.4); SB-S (15.9±5.71; 17.7±2.46; 21.8±4.1); SB-Chx (13.6±3.35; 18.7±3.89; 23.6±7.7); SB-S-Chx (15.8±3.47; 19.6±5.31; 24.1±5.0); MP (13.3±4.42; 20.7±4.09; 23.7±8.0); MP-S (12.4±3.34; 16.4±4.58; 22.2±6.2); MP-Chx (14.1±4.43; 18.9±4.33; 22.6±8.3); MP-S-Chx (11.9±2.16; 15.0±4.01; 20.9±4.9). The hybrid layer thickness mean values (Mean±sd: Immediate/6 months) were: SB (2.51±0.22; 1.71±0.17); SB-S (2.04±0.21; 1.54±0.21); SB-Chx (1.89±0.27; 1.82±0.38); SB-SChx (2.67±0.29; 1.86±0.19); MP (2.32±0.20; 1.69±0.29); MP-S (2.53±0.32; 1.32±0.15); MPChx (2.58±0.22; 1.41±0.42); MP-S-Chx (1.88±0.31; 1.52±0.40). Therefore, it can be concluded that saliva contamination did not affect the bond strength of the dentin/composite resin interface (treated or not with 0.2%...

Incipient caries lesions: from concept to actual treatment approaches

The concepts introduced by the Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID) allowed the rising of new conservative treatment and assessment system for caries lesions' classification. In this context, the approaches of the incipient caries lesions surpass the use of only traditional restorative techniques. The aim of this study was to review the new caries classifications criteria (ICDAS and CAST), the importance of the early diagnosis of caries lesions and the clinical procedures for treatment in MID.

Influência do clareamento dental na infiltração marginal em restaurações de Classe V / Influence of dental bleaching on marginal leakage of Class V restorations

Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro o efeito do clareamento, em consultório, e o tempo de espera no grau de microinfiltração em cavidades classe V com margem em esmalte restaurada com resina composta. Métodos: Utilizou-se 45 terceiros molares humanos, cujas faces vestibulares foram clareadas com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% ativado com LED e as palatinas não clareadas (controle). Os grupos foram divididos aleatoriamente com 15 dentes cada: Grupo 1) restaurado imediatamente após o clareamento; Grupo 2), sete dias após o clareamento; Grupo 3), quatorze dias após clareamento. Após o preparo das cavidades, foram aplicados ácido fosfórico a 35%, adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Mn, USA) e resina composta Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Mn, USA). Os dentes foram termociclados e impermeabilizados com esmalte vermelho nas faces clareadas e azul nas não clareadas, exceto a região restaurada a 1mm ao redor. As amostras foram classificadas de acordo com escores: 0 = sem infiltração, 1= mínima infiltração (menos de 1/3 do comprimento da parede), 2= infiltração moderada (de 1/3 a 2/3 da parede) e 3= extensa (mais de 2/3 da parede). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste Kruskal-Wallis a 5% de significância. Resultados: O procedimento restaurador imediatamente após o clareamento, acarretou em valores de microinfiltração estatisticamente superiores (p<0,05) aos do grupo não clareado. De 7 e 14 dias após o clareamento, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos experimentais (p>0,05). Conclusão: Com base nos resultados, aconselha-se a aguardar no mínimo de 7 dias após o clareamento para a confecção da restauração definitiva.

Objective: Evaluate the in vitro effect of bleaching performed in the dental office and waiting time on the degree of microleakage in class V cavities with margins in enamel, restored with resin composite. Methods: Forty-five human third molars were used, in which the vestibular faces were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide activated with LED and the palatine faces were not bleached (control). The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 teeth in each: Group 1, restored immediately after bleaching; Group 2, seven days after bleaching; and Group 3, fourteen days after bleaching. After cavity preparation, 35% phosphoric acid, Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Mn, USA), and resin composite Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were applied. The teeth were thermal cycled and sealed with red nail polish on the bleached faces and blue on the non bleached faces, except for 1mm around the restored region. The samples were classified according to the following scores: 0 = no leakage, 1 = minimum leakage (less than 1 / 3 the length of the wall), 2 = moderate leakage (1/3 to 2/3 of the wall) and 3 = extensive leakage (over 2/3 of the wall). The data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test at a level of significance of 5%. Results: The restorative procedure immediately after bleaching resulted in statistically higher microleakage values (p <0.05) than those in the non bleached group. In seven and fourteen days after bleaching, no statistically significant differences were found among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is advisable to wait at least 7 days after bleaching to make the definitive restoration.