Enhanced ethanol production at commercial scale from molasses using high gravity technology by mutant S. cerevisiae

Abstract Very high gravity (VHG) technology was employed on industrial scale to produce ethanol from molasses (fermented) as well as by-products formation estimation. The effect of different Brix° (32, 36 and 40) air-flow rates (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60 vvm) was studied on ethanol production. The maximum ethanol production was recorded to be 12.2% (v/v) at 40 Brix° with 0.2 vvm air-flow rate. At optimum level aeration and 40 Brix° VHG, the residual sugar level was recorded in the range of 12.5-18.5 g/L, whereas the viable cell count remained constant up to 50 h of fermentation and dry matter production increased with fermentation time. Both water and steam consumption reduced significantly under optimum conditions of Brix° and aeration rate with compromising the ethanol production. Results revealed VHG with continuous air flow is viable technique to reduce the ethanol production cost form molasses at commercial scale.

Percutaneous Needle Biopsy-An Assertive Tool In The Diagnosis of Bone Tumors in Under Developed Countries.

Our study on 106 cases of bone tumors aims at correlating the clinical, radiological and cytological findings of benign and malignant tumors of bone and evaluating the usefulness of percutaneous biopsy as a diagnostic tool in underdeveloped countries. Giant cell lesions were the most common benign tumor, 42 cases (84%) and giant cell tumor was the most common giant cell lesion in our study, 27 (64.3%). Round cell tumor appeared to be the most common malignant tumor of bone, 20 cases (35.7%). Osteosarcoma represented 15 cases (14.2%) of all bone tumors and 26.8% of all malignant bone tumors in our study. Final histopathological diagnosis was available only in 54 cases. Out of which 53 cases showed concordance with previous cytological diagnosis. Only a single case of chondrosarcoma was misdiagnosed as chondroma on FNAC (false negative). The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 96.0% and 100% respectively while positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 100% and 96.7% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy in our study was 98.1%.