RESUMO
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of maladaptive schemas between childhood emotional maltreatment and psychological distress among college students
Methods: This was a descriptive-correlative and after the fact study. A total of 315 students were selected with multistage cluster sampling from students of Tehran universities. The participants completed the lifetime of experiences questionnaire [LEQ], Young's schema questionnaire short form with 90-item [YSQ-SF-3], and the trauma symptom checklist-40 [TSC-40]. Data were analyzed by path analysis using SPSS 16
Results: The results indicated that perception of childhood emotional maltreatment was associated with later psychological distress and mediated through schema of defectiveness/shame, vulnerability to harm, self-sacrifice, and entitlement
Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggested that childhood emotional maltreatment is contributed to later psychological distress by developing cognitive vulnerability of children through maladaptive schemas. These schemas are rigid and extreme cognitive structures that negatively filter and bias cognitive and emotional information
RESUMO
Objectives: Joint attention is one of the most important prerequisite of language and social development. There are two types of joint attention, Initiating joint attention and Responding to joint attention. This study examined the development of responding to joint attention in typically developing children in 8-30 month.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional. 61 children [40 female and 21 male] were examined in age 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 month. Tasks of joint attention scale of Early Social Communication Scales [ESCS] were used to assess children. Colmogrov-Smirinov and Kruskal-Wallis were used for data analysis and mean scores were computed for all groups.
Results: Data analysis showed that there was significant difference between mean ranks of groups. Children scores had an increasing pattern across 9 to 30 month.
Discussion: Results of this study indicated that responding to joint attention is developing from 9 to 30 month by considering the individual differences between children in every group.
RESUMO
The goal of this study was to examine the construct validity of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder-5 [DSM-5] conceptual model of antisocial and borderline personality disorders [PDs]. More specifically, the aim was to determine whether the DSM-5 five-factor structure of pathological personality trait domains replicated in an independently collected sample that differs culturally from the derivation sample. This study was on a sample of 346 individuals with antisocial [n = 122] and borderline PD [n = 130], and nonclinical subjects [n = 94]. Participants randomly selected from prisoners, out-patient, and in-patient clients. Participants were recruited from Tehran prisoners, and clinical psychology and psychiatry clinics of Razi and Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The SCID-II-PQ, SCID-II, DSM-5 Personality Trait Rating Form [Clinician's PTRF] were used to diagnosis of PD and to assessment of pathological traits. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis revealed a 5-factor solution for DSM-5 personality traits. Results showed that DSM-5 has adequate construct validity in Iranian sample with antisocial and borderline PDs. Factors similar in number with the other studies, but different in the content. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five homogeneous components of antisocial and borderline PDs. That may represent personality, behavioral, and affective features central to the disorder. Furthermore, the present study helps understand the adequacy of DSM-5 dimensional approach to evaluation of personality pathology, specifically on Iranian sample