Comparative In Vitro Dissolution Study On Metformin Market Products Using Different Dissolution Apparatuses

Objective: This study was proposed to evaluate and compare the in vitro dissolution profiles of six Metformin Hydrochloride (MH) market products. Methods: Different dissolution apparatuses (USP apparatus II, IV and beaker method) were used to evaluate the dissolution profiles (in phosphate buffer, pH 6.8) of two immediate release (IR) generic products of Metformin Hydrochloride (MH): Cidophage® 1000 mg (G1, Egyptian market) and Metformin arrow® 1000 mg (G2, French market) with respect to the reference products named Glucophage® 850 mg (R1, Egyptian market and R2, French market). In addition to a generic controlled-release (CR) product; Cidophage Retard® 850 mg (G3) versus the reference product; Glucophage XR® 1000 mg (R3) (both from Egyptian market). Dissolution efficiency (D. E.) and the similarity factor (f2) were calculated. Weight uniformity, hardness, tablet dimensions and MH content were measured. Results: Results of the three apparatuses showed that MH IR products studied (reference and generics) did not meet the 75% USP 30 specifications for MH dissolved at 30 min. For MH CR products, Glucophage XR® did not fulfill the USP release criteria, while Cidophage Retard® did. USP apparatus IV revealed the highest sensitivity and discriminative capability. Conclusion: Generally, MH IR generics (G1 and G2) might be interchangeable with the innovator product (Glucophage®). However, Cidophage Retard® might not be interchangeable with Glucophage XR®.

rare cause of obstructive chtonic hydrocephalus in an adult patient: a case report of fourth ventricle's foramina idiopathic stenosis

Background and Importance: idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus involving the fourth ventricle

Case Presentation: we reported the case of a 40-year-old woman who developed headaches and vertigo for several months and more recently gait disturbance. The CT scan showed quadri-ventricular hydrocephalus involving mainly the fourth ventricle with dilated lateral recesses. Craniocervical MRI confirmed hydrocephalus and also showed the brainstem and cerebellar tonsil herniation through the foramen magnum with hydromyelia and a hyperintense signal on T2 weighted MRI of cervical spinal cord. Biological analyses were normal. She underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy [ETV]. No complication was observed. The patient became asymptomatic during the weeks following the surgical procedure and remained stable at a mean follow-up interval of 20 months. Postoperative MR images demonstrated regression of the hydrocephalus; complete disappearance of brainstem and cerebellar tonsil herniation, hydromylia and the hyperintense signal on T2 weighted MRI of cervical spinal cord

Conclusion: this case confirms the existence of hydrocephalus caused by idiopathic fourth ventricle outflows obstruction in adult and the efficacy of ETV for this rare indication

Facteurs de risque de deces du premature dans un service de reference a Abidjan

Introduction. La prematurite represente 29% des principales causes directes de mortalite neonatale. L'objectif de notre travail etait d'identifier les facteurs de risques associes au deces des prematures. Methode. Il s'agissait d'une etude prospective a visee descriptive et analytique qui s'est deroulee sur 6 mois. Ont ete inclus tous les prematures ages de 0 a 28 jours. Resultats. Durant la periode d'etude; 213 prematures ont ete admis avec un taux de mortalite de 18;3%.L'etat clinique a l'admission etait marque par une mauvaise impression generale(44;6 %); une detresse respiratoire (44;1%); une hypothermie (9;9%) et une paleur (8;5%).Les etats morbides les plus frequents associes a la prematurite etaient les troubles metaboliques (60;8%); l'infection neonatale (45;1%); les affections hematologiques (18;8%) et la detresse respiratoire (9;5%). Les facteurs de risque associes a la mortalite etaient le poids de naissance inferieur a1500 grammes (p=0;000); la mauvaise impression generale a l'admission (p=0;000); et l'infection maternofotale (p=0;000). Conclusion. Les facteurs de risque de mortalite identifies etaient deja pris en compte dans l'elaboration des programmes des soins obstetricaux et neonataux d'urgence. Une evaluation de la mise en ouvre des SONU s'avere necessaire

Comparative study between modified Koyanagi and Snodgrass techniques in management of proximal types of hypospadias

The aim of this study is to compare between the modified Koyanagi and Snodgrass techniques in the management of proximal types of hypospadias as regards operative time, hospital stay, success rate, postoperative complications and cosmetic results. Fifty male patients with different types of proximal hypospadias [the urethral meatus is proximal penile, penoscrotal or scrotal] were enrolled in the present study; these patients underwent surgical repair using the tubularized incised plate urethroplastyand Modified Koyanagi repair. They were studied during the period between 2010 and 2012 at Pediatric Surgical Units, Al-Azhar University Hospitals [Cairo and Damietta]. All patients were subjected to: detailed history taking, full clinical examination, both general and local. Fifty patients were randomized into two groups; A; [n = 30] patients underwent TIPU; B; [n = 20] patients underwent MK technique. The range of follow up period is 4 to 8 months with a mean of 6 months. Operative time was significantly decreased in group A in comparison to group B [83.30 +/- 6.51 vs. 158.25 +/- 22.78 min respectively]. Duration of hospital stay was significantly shortened in group A in comparison to group B [9.56 +/- 1.73 vs. 17.80 +/- 2.26 days respectively]. The success rate in group A was 70.0% compared to 60.0% in group B. The fistula was more in group A than B and meatal stenosis was more in group A than B, while disruption was equal in both groups. TIP and Modified Koyanagi repair techniques could be considered as acceptable and as effective as each other for hypospadias repair, provided that a good selection of cases for each type of repair was achieved. The tubularized incised plate [TIP] urethroplasty is a reliable one stage procedure in dealing with proximal hypospadias either without or with a mild degree of chordee if the urethral plate is supple and wide enough for tubularization, while MK is a reliable one stage procedure in severe degree of chordee, small sized penis or with narrow urethral plate

Ephrin A4 expression in osteosarcoma, impact on prognosis, and patient outcome.

Background : Ephrin A4 is one of the ephrin ligand molecules belonging to the tyrosine kinases receptor family. It was originally identified in a T-lymphoma cell line and seen to be expressed in human adult tissue as well as several tumor types. In our previous study, we showed the unique pattern of ephrin A4 immunohistochemical staining, which differed according to the type of examined bone specimens (normal bone, primary, and metastatic osteosarcoma lesions). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prognostic impact of ephrin A4 expression in a group of primary osteosarcoma patients. Materials and Methods : Ephrin A4 immunohistochemical expression was carried out on 47 primary osteosarcoma cases. Results : Ephrin A4 was expressed in 82.9% of osteosarcoma cases with cytoplasmic localization in 58.9% of positive cases. The cytoplasmic pattern was significantly associated with aggressive histopathological types of osteosarcoma (P = 0.02), advanced stage (P = 0.04), the presence of metastasis (P = 0.03), inferior response to neoadjuvent chemotherapy (P = 0.04), and tended to be associated with a shorter event-free survival (P = 0.09). Conclusions : The cytoplasmic pattern of ephrin A4 could identify a subgroup of primary osteosarcoma patients with a high liability for progression, poor prognosis, and inferior response to chemotherapy.

Effect of reinforcement of high-impact acrylic resin with zirconia on some physical and mechanical properties / Efeito do reforço de resinas acrílicas de alto impacto com zircônia em algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of reinforcing high-impact acrylic resin (Metrocryl HI)with zirconia powder in two different concentrations on the transverse strength, impact strength,surface hardness, water sorption and solubility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteenspecimens were prepared for each test, five from Metrocryl HI resin as control, five others wereprepared from the 5% zirconia-modified Metrocryl HI resin, and another five specimens wereprepared from the 15% zirconia-modified Metrocryl HI resin. Transverse strength was assessedwith a 3-point bending test using a screw-driven testing machine. For the impact strength, a Charpytester was used. Surface hardness testing was conducted using Vickers tester. The water sorptionand solubility test was performed according to International Standards Organization specificationNo. 1567 for denture base polymers. Micro-structural examination of two specimens, onerepresenting each ZrO2 concentration group, was carried out using scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS: As determined by ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, the additionof zirconia resulted in a highly significant increase in transverse strength of high-impact acrylicresin (P< 0.001). This increase was proportional to the concentration of zirconia. No significantdifference was detected in each of impact strength, surface hardness and water solubility (P>0.05). Although a significant increase in water sorption was demonstrated (P< 0.05), still its meanvalue lies within the specification limits. CONCLUSIONS: Reinforcement of high-impact acrylicresin with zirconia powder increases its transverse strength significantly.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito do reforço de resina acrílica de alto impacto (Metrocryl HI) compó de zircônia em duas diferentes concentrações, a forças transversais, de impacto, dureza desuperfície, absorção de água e solubilidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: 15 espécimes forampreparados para cada teste, sendo cinco com resina Metrocryl HI como controle, cinco preparadoscom resina modificada em 5% e cinco preparados com resina modificada em 15%. As forçastransversas foram determinadas com um teste de dobramento por máquina de parafuso. Para asforças de impacto, um testgador Charpy foi usado. A dureza de superfície foi verificada comteste de Vickers. A absorção de água foi testada de acordo com especificações n.o 1 567 daOrganização Internacional de Standards para polímeros de bases de dentaduras. O examemicroestrutural dos dois espécimes, um representando cada grupo de concentração de ZrO2, foiefetuado usando microscopia eletrônica. RESULTADOS: Testes ANOVA e Bonferroni decomparação múltipla demonstraram que houve um aumento significante na resistência transversaldas resinas de alto impacto (P<0.05). Este aumento foi proporcional na concentração de zircônia.Não houve diferenças significativas na resistência ao impacto, na dureza superficial e nasolubilidade na água (P>0.05), permanecendo dentro dos limites das especificações.CONCLUSÕES: O reforço de resinas de alto impacto com zircônia em pó aumentasignificativamente a resistência transversal.

epidemiological study of hepatitis b and c among adults attending primary health care centers in Benha city

In Egypt, hepatitis B Virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] have been shown to be endemic. This work was conducted on 300 adults [152 females and 148 males] aged from 18 - 65 years. The sample was selected from cases attending primary health care centers in Benha city during the period from July, 1994 to August 1995. Blood Samples were taken to detect some hepatitis markers using ELISA technique. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibodies and hepatitis C antibodies among the studied Sample were 5.7%, 28.7% and 27% respectively. Seropositivity of HCV anti bodies is more likely to occur; among age group > 25 years, married, and male individuals Medical and paramedical personnels showed significant higher percentages of carrying HBs antibodies. Also, results suggest that bilharzial and diabetic patients are more susceptible to acquire. HCV infection. HCV antibodies were significantly higher among individuals with positive history of blood transfusion and long - term treatment by injection, fifty percent of previously vaccinated persons had antibodies against hepatitis B virus Suitable recommendations were included