RESUMO
Aim of the work: hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder. Prehypertension in adolescents and young adults is a risk factor for developing hypertension in later years of life. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and risk factor associated with prehypertension and hypertension in the medical students of Northern Border University in Arar city, Saudi Arabia
Methods: this crosssectional study included 232 students. The study subjects were selected by systematic random sampling method. This study included 232 medical students [136 male and 96 female]. The study period was from 1 March to 31 May 2017. Students were given a predesigned and pretested questionnaire to collect the relevant data
Results: Fifty [52.1%] of females and 58.8% of males were pre-hypertensive and 1.5% from males were hypertensive. Family history of hypertension was positive in 66.7% of hypertensive or prehypertensive students [P<0.05], 18.2% were obese [P<0.05], 9.1% of hypertensive or pre-hypertensive students were diabetic [P>0.05], 31.8% were smokers [P>0.05], 10.6% were drug addicts [P>0.05], 18.2% only performing muscular exercise [P>0.05], 62.1% consume >5g salt /day [P<0.05]and 40.9% of them spent 2-5 hours in front of TV, Computer or mobile [P>0.05]
Conclusion: in medical students of the Northern Border University, 52.1% of females and 58.8% of males were pre-hypertensive and 1.5% of males were hypertensive. Risk factors included obesity, family history, sedentary life and excess salt intake. So health-care providers should recognize the increased risk of prehypertension and hypertension and should seek to identify and manage the modifiable risk factors in those students
RESUMO
Background: Squint, crossed eyes and deviating eyes is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. A child with squint may stop using the affected eye. This can lead to visual loss called amblyopia, which can become permanent unless treated early in childhood. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of squint, some determinants and clinical manifestations and treatment characteristics in the studied children and adolescents in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. The study included 156 randomly selected participants [62 male and 94 female children and adolescents]
Results: This study reported squint in 14.7% of the studied sample, 26.1% were females and 73.9% were males. There was no significant relation between squint and age, other hereditary diseases or other chronic diseases but there was relation with consanguinity between parents [P=0.03]. The cause of squint was eye trauma in 17.4%, surgical operation in 4.3% and neurological disease in 4.3%. Squint was right sided in 47.8% of cases, left sided in 34.8% and in both eyes in 17.4% of the studied cases. 78.3% of the cases had inward squint and 17.4% outward squint. In 8.7% of the cases squint alternate between eyes. Temporary squint found in 52.2% and 78.3% of squint cases use glasses. In all cases squint affect visual acuity. All cases received treatment [69.9% medical and 30.4% surgical] but only 52.2% cured and 43.5% had recurrence
Conclusion: This study reported squint in 14.7% of the studied sample, 73.9% were males. There was significant with sex and consanguinity between parents [P=0.03]. The etiology was eye trauma, eye surgical operation and neurological disease. Large scale screening studies is mandatory. Health education of the public about causes and importance of early treatment is important