RESUMO
The potent phytotherapeutic modalities against the hepatotoxicity have motivated us to explore numerous plants and polyherbal preparations because conventional drug discovery is more expensive and tedious. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of a polyherbal formulation [PHF], comprising of Solanum nigrum, Silybum marianum, Atrmesia absinthium, Achillea millifolium and Cichorium intybus against carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. CCl4 intoxication induced vacuole formation and fast degeneration so selective liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and total bilirubin in rat's plasma, as well as liver histological architecture, were used to evaluate the effect of herbal treatments with different doses [ranging 100-500 mg/kg] for two weeks. Statistical analysis showed that PHF significantly [P<0.05] improved the level of liver enzymes as well as improved the liver architecture comparative to control groups. It could be concluded from current findings that PHF prepared from Solanum nigrum, Silybum marianum, Atrmesia absinthium, Achillea millifiloium and Cichorium intybus have some hepatoprotective activities
RESUMO
The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of maxillofacial bone fractures due to trauma in children reporting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. It was conducted from 2nd April 2007 to 1st October 2007. A self-administered structured Proforma having history and clinical examination related information in addition to some conceptual statements pertaining to maxillofacial trauma was used to collect the data, which were collected from 100 patients. The male to female ratio was 2.5:1 and the highest incidence occurred in the age group of 5-8 years. The mandible was predominantly involved. 86% fractures were at parasymphsis area. For diagnosis Orthopantogram [OPG] was the commonest radiograph used