RESUMO
Murrel namely Channa striatus or haruan contains all essential elements to maintain good health and to recover the lost energy after prolonged illness. The fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acid) indicated the abundant presence of C16:0 fatty acid as 30% and the other major fatty acids were C22:6 (15%), C20:4 (19%), C18:1 (12%) and C18:0 (15%). Haruan contains arachidonic acid (C20:4) as 19.0%, a precursor for prostaglandin and thromboxane biosyntheses. Both fatty and amino acids are important components for wound healing processes. Both the fillet and mucus extracts of haruan were found to exhibit a concentration dependent antinociceptive activity. In vitro antioxidant activity was higher in Channa roe protein hydrolysate than in Labeo roe protein hydrolysate in both DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing power. Protein content of roe concentrates (RPC) was found to be 90.2% (Channa) and 82.5% (Lates). Water absorption, oil absorption, foam capacity, stability and emulsifying capacity were found to be higher in Channa RPC than in Lates RPC. Characterization of protein hydrolysates from muscle and myofibrillar samples of haruan showed different kinetic and proteolytic activities. The skin extract of haruan influences the serotonergic receptor system thus they can function as an anti-depressant. Thus, haruan is the best example for food as medicine.
RESUMO
The present study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura [MCAE] leaves and to determine the effect of temperature and the involvement of the opioid receptor on the said activity using the abdominal constriction test [ACT] and hot-plate test [HPT] in mice. The extract was prepared by soaking the dried powdered leaves of M. calabura in distilled water [dH[2]O] overnight, and the supernatant obtained was considered as a stock solution with 100% concentration. The stock solution was diluted to 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100% and used to determine the antinociceptive activity of MCAE. A further experiment was done with 50% concentration to determine the effect of temperature and naloxone involvement of the opioid receptor system in MCAE antinociceptive activity. At the various concentrations MCAE showed significant antinociceptive activity in both tests. However, the concentration-dependent activity was observed only in the ACT but not in the HPT. The 50% concentration of MCAEs were also stable against the effect of various temperatures as indicated by the presence of activity in both tests. The temperatures [40, 60 and 100°C] also showed an enhanced extract activity only in the HPT. Pre-treatment with naloxone [2 and 10 mg/kg] blocked the extract activity in both tests, indicating the involvement of the opioid receptor system in MCAE antinociceptive activity. Our data indicate that M. calabura leaves possess antinociceptive activity against chemically and thermally induced noxious stimuli. The bioactive compound[s] responsible for its antinociceptive activity is/are heat-stable and work partly via the opioid receptor system