Pattern of facial fractures in children

The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of maxillofacial bone fractures and list the causative factors of trauma in children. It was a descriptive case study and was carried out in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral and Dental Hospital, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from 2nd April 2007 to 2 September 2007. A self-administered structured Proforma having history and clinical examination related information in addition to some conceptual statements pertaining to a maxillofacial trauma was used to collect data. Data were collected from 100 patients. Result showed male to female ratio 2.5:1 and the highest incidence was found in the age group of 5-8 years. The main etiological factor was fall [57%]. It was concluded that Fall and Road Traffic Accident [RTA] were the highly significant risk factors

Facial fractures in children - a study

The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of maxillofacial bone fractures due to trauma in children reporting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. It was conducted from 2nd April 2007 to 1st October 2007. A self-administered structured Proforma having history and clinical examination related information in addition to some conceptual statements pertaining to maxillofacial trauma was used to collect the data, which were collected from 100 patients. The male to female ratio was 2.5:1 and the highest incidence occurred in the age group of 5-8 years. The mandible was predominantly involved. 86% fractures were at parasymphsis area. For diagnosis Orthopantogram [OPG] was the commonest radiograph used

[Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in the management of experimentally induced infected lesions in skin of rabbits]

Recent advances in immunology revolutionized the approach of management of infectious diseases by the use of immunomodulators or immunostimulators. Since melatonin, the neuroendocrine hormone, is found to have direct immunomodulatory effects in many biological models including human, it may be possible to utilize this feature for the improvement of immune responses against infections. This study designed to evaluate the effects of various pharmacological doses of melatonin alone or in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of experimentally induced infected lesions in rabbits Methods: Infected lesions were induced in the skin of 36 rabbits with pathogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Healing time, lesion size, and immunoglobulin production were measured during the period of treatment with different doses [2, 5, 10 mg kg[-1]] of melatonin alone or in combination with antibiotics [25 mg kg[-1] ampicillin and cloxacillin]. Dose dependent effect for melatonin was observed in the improvement of the immune responses of animals against the bacterial infection, revealed as reduction in the healing time, and lesion size with significant increase in immunoglobulin production compared to controls. Meanwhile, combination of melatonin in pharmacological doses with antibiotics synergizes their effects in improving all the studied parameters. These results provide experimental evidences for the immunomodulatory effects of melatonin in the improvement of the resistance against infectious burden; in addition to the synergistic effect with antibiotics in vivo

Effect of dexamethason, ibuprofen combination on post operative sequle of third molar surgery

Mandibular third molar is most commonly impacted tooth in dental arch. Removal of'mandibular third molar is common surgical procedure in oral surgery. The surgical removal of impacted third molar is not without morbidity, post operative pain, swelling and trismus are universal 64 patient with bilateral mandibular impaction were included in this study, two surgical procedure were carried on each patient at four week appointments. One group is taken as study group, in which 8mg dexamethasoji lira was given one hour before surgery followed by GOOmg ibuprofen orally for five days. The other group was taken as control group and distilled water was given one hour before surgery intramuscularly followed by GOOmg ibuprofen orally for five days. The effects of drugs on patients were noted 31.2% [n=20] patients reported mild pain, 56.6% [n=35] moderate and 14.4% [n-9] reported sever pain. 14.4% [n-9] reported mild swelling, 64% [n=41] moderate and 21.8% [n=14] reported sever swelling. 23.4% [n=-15] reported mild trismus ,51.5% [n=33] moderate and 25% [n-16] reported sever trismus in control group. While in study group 64% [n-41] reported mild pain 32.8% [n-21] moderate and 3.1% [n-2] reported sever pain. 46.8% [n=30] reported mild swelling, 43.7% [n-28] moderate, and 9.3% [n=6] reported sever swelling. 54.6% [n=35] reported mild trismus, 43.7% [n-28] moderate and 1.5% [n=l] reported sever trismus on third post operative day in both groups. Dexamethason and ibuprofen combination was found effective for early recovery and the patients who used this combination suffered less pain, swelling and trismus after third molar surgery

value of radiological examination in the management of adenoidal hypertrophy in a pediatric population

The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of radiological examination in the management of adenoidal hypertrophy. A retrospective study was carried out in the North West Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia on pediatric patients who had x-ray of lateral naso pharynx to exclude adenoidal hypertrophy, January 2001 to December 2001. The study included; age of the patient, sex and reason for radiology examination and the management rendered. A total of two hundred and ninety-seven pediatric patients were involved. Two hundred and thirteen males [71.7%] and 84 [28.3%] females, age ranged between 2 months and 12 years. The reason given for radiological examination was one or more of the following symptoms, snoring, mouth breathing, recurrent tonsillitis, runny nose, deafness and obstructive sleep apnea. Small adenoids reported in 63 patients [21.2%] and were treated for their complaints by their primary physician. Two hundred and thirty-four patients [78.8%] with large adenoids were referred to the otolaryngology department of these 33 patients lost follow up. One hundred and nineteen referred [40.1%] patients were treated conservatively, while 82 patients [27.6%] who showed resistance to medical treatment under went adenoidectomy with or without other related surgical procedures. It was concluded that radiological examination in the management of adenoidal hypertrophy had a limited role, increased Radiological Department workload, wastage of resources in addition to unnecessary radiation exposure

upper eyelid position in Saudi Arabian men

Purpose To determine the average and the range of values of the upper lid margin-to-corneal reflex distance [ULCRD] of Saudi Arabian men and to compare them to known values for Saudi Arabian boys and Caucasian men. Such data could be useful in diagnosing and quantifying the degree of ptosis among Saudi men. Methods The subjects [N = 198, 396 eyes] were Saudi Arabian men of Arab origin aged between 16 and 26 years. All were students in secondary and tertiary institutions in the Riyadh area. Measurements of the ULCRD were obtained from projected frontal slide photographs of the subjects taken at a distance of 7m. Measured distances were converted to actual values by multiplying by a constant magnification factor. Results The average values of the ULCRD of the two eyes were similar. The average ULCRD of the right eye of all subjects was 3.49 mm +/- 0.8[range = 1.68 to 5.61 mm]. The average ULCRD asymmetry between the eyes was 0.06 mm +/- 0.48 [range = + 1.0 to -1.0 mm]. Conclusions The average value of the ULCRD of Saudi men is significantly higher than that of Saudi boys, whose average value is 3.05 mm +/- 0.79, but much lower than reported averages for Caucasians [4.5 mm, 4.1mm]. The reasons for the racial differences are not immediately clear because of inadequate demographic data on the Caucasian subjects. ULCRD asymmetry greater than 1.0 mm should be investigated further for evidence of ptosis