DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging, antibacterial and phytochemical evaluation of crude methanolic extract and subsequent fractions of Chenopodium botrys aerial parts

We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial potentials and secondary metabolites of Chenopodium botrys aerial parts to rationalize its effectiveness in free radicals induced disorders and infectious diseases. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts were investigated using DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Antibacterial potential was studied using well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis was performed for the presence of secondary metabolites. In DPPH assay chloroform fraction [CHF], ethyl acetate fraction [EAF] and n-hexane fraction [NHF] were most active causing average inhibition of 65.9, 59.2 and 55.9% at concentration of 1mg/ml with IC[50]values of 140, 30 and 590 micro gml respectively. EAF, CHF and aqueous fraction [AQF] revealed highest scavenging effect against ABTS free radicals causing 85.46, 82.73 and 68.80% inhibition with of IC[50]of 75, 94 and 530 micro g/ml respectively. In antibacterial assay, CHF was found most effective against S. aureus presenting an inhibitory zone of 19 mm whereas; EAF, CHF and NHF were most active against K. pneumoneae with inhibitory zones of 27.1 mm, 25.4 and 18.7 mm respectively. C. botrys was tested positive for flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins and tannins. Current findings revealed that that C. botrys is rich source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial bioactive compounds and may be further investigated

Phytochemicals, in vitro antioxidant, total phenolic contents and phytotoxic activity of Cornus macrophylla Wall bark collected from the north-west of Pakistan

Plants are one of the precious creatures of Allah, producing a verity of useful bioactive compounds having definite pharmacological actions on human body. Keeping in view this idea, the methanolic extract from the bark of Cornus macrophylla was investigated for phytochemicals, antioxidant, total phenolic contents [TPC] and phytotoxic activities. Phytochemical analysis of Cornus macrophylla revealed the presence of tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, reducing sugar, saponins and flavonoids. The percent free radicals scavenging potential of DPPH at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 micro g/ml was 72.69%, 73.32%, 73.51, 73.83% and 74.33% respectively and were compared to ascorbic acid [84.6%, 92.83%, 95.36%, 96.40% and 98.03%], gallic acid [85.49%, 92.47%, 95.14%, 98.22% and 98.03%] and quercetin [95.35%, 96.30%, 97.16%, 98.02% and 98.28%] as standards. The IC[50] value of Cornus macrophylla was 14.5/ micro g/ml. The TPC of the methanolic bark extract was 2.916 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract. The extract have shown excellent phytotoxic activity against the tested plant Lemna minor and inhibited the growth at 1000 micro g/ml. Our findings revealed that the crude methanolic extract of Cornus macrophylla is a potential source of natural antioxidants and herbicidal

Larvicidal, insecticidal, brine shrimp cytotoxicity and anti-oxidant activities of Diospyros kaki [L.] reported from Pakistan

Diospyros kaki is cultivated in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, especially in Malakand division. The current study was designed to investigate the hide potential of the vulnerable species of the plant. Aqueous extracts of Diospyros kaki leaves were screened for larvicidal, insecticidal cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The extract exhibited moderate to outstanding larvicidal activity [100 to 28%] at 100, 80, 70, 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10% concentrations respectively after 24 hours, showing 42% LCso. Permitrin displayed 100% lethality at 0.3%. The extract demonstrated outstanding cytotoxic action against brain shrimps nauplii [Artemia salina], showing 10 ppm LC[50] which is closed to the LC[5]o [9.8jtig/ml] of standard drug Etoposide. Similarly profound insecticidal potential [100%] was recorded after 15 min against Cimex lectularius. In DPPH scavenging activity the extract demonstrated moderate 30.22%, while Quercetin, Gallic acid and Acetic acid showed 98, 96 and 97% activity respectively at lOOppm. Thus on the basis of our finding it could be concluded that the decoction of the leaves of D. kaki is a good natural alternative for the control of insects and neoplasia

Comparative studies of binding potential of Prunus armeniaca and Prunus domestica gums in tablets formulations

The current study was undertaken to compare the binding potential of Prunus armeniaca L. and Prunus domestica L. gums in tablets' formulations. Tablet batches [F-1 to F-9] were prepared Diclofenac sodium as model drug using 5%, 7.5% and 10% of each Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus domestica L. gums as binder. PVP K30 was used as a st and ard binder. Magnesium stearate was used as lubricant. Flow properties of granules [like bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose] as well as the physical parameters of compressed tablets including hardness, friability, thickness and disintegration time were determined. Flow parameters of granules of all the batches were found good. Physical parameters [drug content, weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time] of formulated tablets were found within limit when tested. The dissolution studies showed that tablets formulations containing each Prunus domestica showed better binding capacity compared to Prunus armeniaca gum. The binding potential increased as the concentration of gums increased. The FTIR spectroscopic investigation showed that the formulations containing plant gum are compatible with the drug and other excipients used.

Comparison of ceftriaxon and Ampicillin + gentomycin in patients suffering from UTI

UTI is the most common problem of urinary tract disease in children [1.5-2% in male and 6-8% in female]. Comparison of efficacy of ceftriaxon and Ampicillin + gentomycin in patients suffering from UTI. This research has been performed with participation of l00 patients who have been suffering from UTI and in 96%of patients ceftriaxon found effective but Ampicillin +gentomycin in 90% of patients found effective . the efficacy of ceftriaxon is much more than Ampicillin +gentomycin in treatment of UTI. ceftriaxon is suggested to be prescribed where laboratory facility is not available to treat UTI in children. The main additional problem beside of cerebral ischemia is hyper lipidemia which is equa!76.146%. providing of a strong neurological center with complete laboratory by supporting of Higher Education Ministry and MoPH. Registration and early diagnosis for follow up and treatment specially for stroke patients

Comparison of clinical and laboratory level of hyperbilirobinemia

hyper bilirubinemia is one of the most common problem of neonates it occurs in 80% of preterm and 60% of term newborns. evaluation of clinical and laboratory level of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. This research has been performed with participation of 40 neonates who have been suffering from jaundice and in 100% of them jaundice detected in face and in 25% of them in palm and soles .In 20% of patients the lab and clinical data are not matched, specially in umbilical to knee joints area . clinical evaluation of jaundice from skin color in areas which have no facility of lab examination can be helpful according to its conditions. During evaluation of bilirubin level from skin the environmental conditions should be considered