RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, which results in high levels of glucose in the body after a meal or fasting. This disease is caused by the absence or reduction of insulin secretion. Accordingly, diabetes is usually classified into two types, Type 1(IDDM) and Type II (NIDDM). The aim of the present study is to carry the phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic activity of Salvia aegyptiaca Lethanolic leaves extract. Phytochemical study was carried out by standard methods, shows the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, proteins, glycosides, carbohydrates, lipids, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids, while saponins shown to be absent. Antidiabetic activity of Salvia aegyptiaca Lwere carried out in both normoglycemic and diabetic induced rats. Normoglycemic animal group were fed with ethanolic leaves extract of Salvia aegyptiaca Lat a dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg alone for 14days, showed decrease in blood glucose level. In diabetic animal group the rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal(i.p) injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate, then followed by administration of ethanolic leaves extract of Salvia aegyptiaca(250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) and standard Tolbutamide (50mg/kg,p.o) for14 days. The results of the diabetic induced group also showed decrease in glucose levels. The results of thecurrent investigation demonstrate that various phytochemical present in Salvia aegyptiaca Lethanolic leaves extracts, might be responsible for antidiabetic effect, due to its known antioxidant property
RESUMO
Background: Ninety-five millions of Pakistan's 161 million people, roughly 60% of Pakistan's population live in malaria endemic regions. Despite a well-established malaria control programme, 500,000 malaria infections and 50,000 malaria-attributable deaths occur each year in Pakistan. In Pakistan 15% population lives in high transmission area, 84% in low transmission and 1% in malaria free area, with 64% vivax and 36% Falciparum infections
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Dihydroartemisinin- piperaquine [DP] for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in subjects
Methods: Its an observational study, conducted at Outpatient Department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from December 2012 to December 2013. World Health Organization [WHO] standard protocol for efficacy studies [open-labelled clinical trial] was followed. The subjects with fever or history of fever for 48 hours aged between 6 months to 15 years with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated P. vivax infection were included. Total 109 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Out of 109 patients, 103 had completed the study. Patients were treated with Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine over three days. Clinical and parasitological parameters were monitored over a 42-days follow-up period to evaluate drug therapeutic efficacy
Results: Adequate clinical and parasitological response of treatment [ACPR] for Dihydroartemisininpiperaquine [DP] was seen in 102/103 [99.02%] patients, no early or late clinical failure was seen while late parasitological failure was seen on 21[st] day in one patient. No adverse events were reported
Conclusion: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is safe and effective treatment option for uncomplicated vivax malaria
RESUMO
Objective: to detect H. Pylori antigen in stool and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of H. pylori stool antigen
Design: comparative analytical study
Setting: this study was carried out at Pakistan Medical Research Council [PMRC], at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from May 2006 to September 2006
Material methods: endoscopic biopsy specimens were collected for rapid urease test and histopathology examination. Stool samples were taken for detection of antigen of Helicobacter pylori. The stool antigen test is a rapid immuno-assay based on "lateral flow chromatography technique" using monoclonal antibodies for qualitative detection of Helicobacter pylori antigen in human stool
Result: fifty males and 50 females were selected for this study by non-probable purposive sampling technique. Their mean age was 39 years ranging from 15 to 55 years? The sensitivity and the specificity of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test [HPSA] with rapid urease test was found to be 89.1% and 92.6% respectively and the sensitivity and specificity of HPSA test with histopathology was 92.8% and 89.6% respectively
Conclusion: helicobacter pylori stool antigen [HPSA] is an accurate easily carried out in routine laboratory and is non-invasive