RESUMO
Objective: To detect the prevalence pattern of Chikungunya virus in three states of Northeast India. Methods: A total of 1 510 samples were collected from different private and government hospitals of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. Serum was tested for the presence of IgM antibodies against Chikungunya virus followed by RT-PCR for amplification of Chikungunya E1 gene region using specific primers. Results: Overall, 11.83% (172/1 454) clinical samples were positive by MAC-ELISA and/or RT-PCR assay. Asymptomatic infection was seen in 17.86%. Males were more affected than females and age group 16-30 years was mostly affected. Fever (100.00%) was the primary symptom followed by headache (72.03%) and arthralgia (41.53%). Only 118 Chikungunya positive cases could be traced, of which 25.42% complained about sequelae of infection. In entomological investigation, Aedes aegypti was more predominant (92.10%) than Aedes albopictus (7.90%). No mosquito pools could be incriminated for Chikungunya virus. Conclusions: In this study, Chikungunya was observed to be prevalent in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. Though Chikungunya is a self-limiting infection, increasing morbidity by CHIKV infection is affecting social and economic status of individual. Thus, a community empowerment to effectively control mosquito population by employing different mosquito control measures along with personal protection is mandatory to tackle future outbreak of the disease.
RESUMO
Job satisfaction is a pleasant emotional state associated with the appreciation of one's work and contributes immensely to performance in an organization. The purpose of this study was to assess the comparative job satisfaction among regular and staff on contract in Government Primary Urban Health Centers in Delhi, India. The study was conducted in 2013, on a sample of 333 health care providers who were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. The sample included medical officers [MOs], auxiliary nurses and midwives [ANMs], pharmacists and laboratory technicians [LTs]/ laboratory assistants [LAs] among regular and staff on contract. Analysis was done using SPSS version 18, and appropriate statistical tests were applied. The job satisfaction for all the regular staff that is, MOs, ANMs, pharmacists, LAs, and LTs were relatively higher [3.3 +/- 0.44] than the contract staff [2.7 +/- 0.45] with 't'value 10.54 [P < 0.01]. The mean score for regular and contract MOs was 3.2 +/- 0.46 and 2.7 +/- 0.56, respectively, and the same trends were found between regular and ANMs on the contract which was 3.4 +/- 0.30 and 2.7 +/- 0.38, regular and pharmacists on the contract was 3.3 +/- 0.50 and 2.8 +/- 0.41, respectively. The differences between groups were significant with a P < 0.01. Overall job satisfaction level was relatively low in both regular and contract staff. The factors contributing to satisfaction level were privileges, interpersonal relations, working-environment, patient relationship, the organization's facilities, career development, and the scarcity of human resources [HRs]. Therefore, specific recommendations are suggested to policy makers to take cognizance of the scarcity of HRs and the on-going experimentation with different models under primary health care system
RESUMO
An indigenously transmitted case of Falciparum malaria is reported in a Saudi patient that exhibited no clinical response to oral chloroquine therapy. The patient responded to Fansidar [Regestered]. The case highlights the possibility of appearance of chloroquine resistance in the South Western region of Saudi Arabia