RESUMO
Background: Mental health patients with self-stigma often loss their self-esteem
The objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of mental illnesses stigma and its association with quality of life in adult Saudi patients attending the out patient's in psychiatry department in King Fahad University Hospital at Al Khobar, KSA
Methods: This is a cross sectional study. A demographic data including age, sex, marital status and occupation were collected in addition to a 32 question-based questionnaire with different variables divided into three parts; To gain further perspective on discrimination experienced by persons with mental illness. To study rejection experienced by mentally ill patients. To evaluate the patients coping ways to stigma which characterized by secrecy, avoidance and withdrawal, and advocacy and confrontation
Results: There were 71 [34.6%] women, 112 [54.6%] men. About third [36.6%] of respondent agrees that people think of mentally ill patients as untrustworthy. Almost half of them [44.9%] disagree that people find them dangerous. The same percent [44.9%] agree that people take them less seriously.41.5% of them feel that people avoid them. More than half of them 51.2% disagree that someone will not take them as close friend. But 54.6% didn't feel any avoidance from relative, neighbors or colleagues [missing data 11.2%]. 67.8% also, didn't feel any avoidance from family members. More than half [55.1%] tries to hide the fact that they are mentally ill and 72.2% will not avoid getting married or starting a family because of their mental illness history
Conclusion: Our study indicated that most of mental health patients in our community have experienced moderate to severe level of stigma. Future researches are needed to study the prevalence of stigma and rejection in mental health patients allover Saudi Arabia. Community awareness campaigns to raise the knowledge that mental illness is a disease like other body diseases and there is no shame of being mental health patient
RESUMO
Introduction: anemia of chronic disease has a widespread impact on patients with chronic disorders such as chronic inflammation, infection, malignancy etc. The pathophysiology behind it is largely due to involvement of hepcidin levels which are high as a result of the underlying chronic disorder, but negatively affects iron metabolism and erythropoiesis
Aim of the work: we tried to understand the pathogenesis, impact, diagnosis, and management of anemia due to chronic diseases
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 2001 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: anemia of chronic disease, anemia of inflammation, types of anemia, management of chronic anemia
Conclusion: since absolute treatment for the underlying chronic conditions are not available, various other modalities aimed at treating the anemia are developing. They include conventional and novel therapies. More researches must be done in order to manage the condition by treating the underlying cause, or for finding therapies with least side effects