Modifying attitude and intention toward regular physical activity using protection motivation theory: a randomized controlled trial

We were guided by the Protection Motivation Theory to test the motivational interviewing effects on attitude and intention of obese and overweight women to do regular physical activity. In a randomized controlled trial, we selected using convenience sampling 60 overweight and obese women attending health centres. The women were allocated to 2 groups of 30 receiving a standard weight-control programme or motivational interviewing. All constructs of the theory [perceived susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy and response efficacy] and all anthropometric characteristics [except body mass index] were significantly different between the groups at 3 study times. The strongest predictors of intention to do regular physical exercise were perceived response efficacy and attitude at 2- and 6-months follow-up. We showed that targeting motivational interviewing with an emphasis on Protection Motivation Theory constructs appeared to be beneficial for designing and developing appropriate intervention to improve physical activity status among women with overweight and obesity

[Smoking behavior among male student's bases on trans theoretical model]

Smoking is a global health problem both, in developing and developed countries. Theoretical model has been developed for understanding of behavior change especially addictive behaviors, not only delineates a way to conceptualize behavior change, but also it provides the foundation for developing assessments of an individual's readiness to change and for tailoring interventions to actualize behavior change. In a cross-sectional study and a convenience sample of 578 smoker and ex-smoker From 6 universities during December, 2009 to June, 2010 completed three Persian versions of the short form Smoking questionnaire based on trans theoretical model developed by Prochaska, Velicer and Diclemente. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA test. More than half of the subjects were in the precontemplation stage. The pros of smoking among subjects in the precontemplation stage were significantly higher than subjects in the preparation and maintenance stages [P<0.05]. Meanwhile, the pros of smoking ratings were significantly higher for the contemplation and preparation stages than for the maintenance [P<0.05]. However, pros of smoking in the action stage were not significantly for the other stages of change [P>0.05]. Significant mean differences in cons of smoking behavior emerged across the stages of change. In terms of self-efficacy/temptation construct, the result showed significantly difference between the stages of change [P<0.05]. The results provided support of advantages of increase self-efficacy and the role of decisional balance for the intervention programs development in smoking cessation