Prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e algumas comorbidades em idosos: um estudo de base populacional / Prevalence of anxiety disorders and some comorbidities in elderly: a population-based study

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e fatores associados em uma amostra populacional de idosos do Sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos Estudo transversal com base em dados populacionais, que avaliou 1.021 indivíduos idosos entre 60 e 79 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares para aferição de variáveis sobre transtornos ansiosos, por meio do questionário MINI, dados sociodemográficos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e dosagem de colesterol. Resultados As prevalências entre os transtornos ansiosos foram de 22,0% para o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG); 14,8% para fobia social (FS); 10,5% para transtorno do pânico (TP); e 8,5% para o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC). Além disso, 40,5% dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos um transtorno de ansiedade. A distribuição dos transtornos foi semelhante nos dois gêneros; TAG foi mais prevalente nos indivíduos de menor escolaridade; TOC foi mais presente em indivíduos casados ou em união estável. Em relação às variáveis clínicas, HAS foi associada à presença de TOC; FS foi associada com IAM; TOC e FS foram associados com HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusão Os dados demonstram que os quadros de ansiedade são muito frequentes em idosos da comunidade, se sobrepõem de forma significativa e estão associados a algumas variáveis clínicas cardiovasculares.

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the prevalence of anxiety disorders and associated factors in a population sample of elderly from South of Santa Catarina. Methods Cross-sectional study based on population data, which evaluated 1,021 elderly individuals, between 60 and 79 years. Home interviews were conducted to measure the variables of anxiety disorders, through of the MINI questionnaire, sociodemographic data, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and serum cholesterol measurements. Results The prevalence among anxiety disorders were 22.0% for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 14.8% for social phobia (FS); 10.5% for panic disorder (PD); 8.5% for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and with only, at least one disorder 40.5%. The distribution of the disorders were similar in both genders, GAD was more prevalent among those with lower education; OCD was more prevalent in individuals who were married or in union stable. In relation to clinical variables, SAH was associated with the presence of OCD; FS was associated with AMI; FS and OCD were associated with HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusion The data demonstrate that anxiety conditions are very common in older adults, significantly overlap and are associated with cardiovascular clinical variables.

Anxiety disorders are associated with quality of life impairment in patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes: a case-control study

Objective: To assess the presence of anxiety disorders and quality of life in patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Methods: Case-control study of 996 patients with type 2 diabetes and 2,145 individuals without diabetes. The sole inclusion criterion for the case group was insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. We compared the case and control groups for sociodemographic variables, laboratory and clinical data, and presence of anxiety disorders. Quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, and the prevalence of anxiety disorder was evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: Patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The presence of these disorders in combination with type 2 diabetes was associated with worse quality of life in the physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in patients with diabetes, so as to prevent more serious complications associated with these comorbidities. .

Ketamine alters behavior and decreases BDNF levels in the rat brain as a function of time after drug administration

Objective: To evaluate behavioral changes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats subjected to ketamine administration (25 mg/kg) for 7 days. Method: Behavioral evaluation was undertaken at 1 and 6 hours after the last injection. Results: We observed hyperlocomotion 1 hour after the last injection and a decrease in locomotion after 6 hours. Immobility time was decreased and climbing time was increased 6 hours after the last injection. BDNF levels were decreased in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala when rats were killed 6 hours after the last injection, compared to the saline group and to rats killed 1 hour after the last injection. BDNF levels in the striatum were decreased in rats killed 6 hours after the last ketamine injection, and BDNF levels in the hippocampus were decreased in the groups that were killed 1 and 6 hours after the last injection. Conclusion: These results suggest that the effects of ketamine on behavior and BDNF levels are related to the time at which they were evaluated after administration of the drug. .

Animal models as tools to study the pathophysiology of depression

The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with depression. A basic understanding of the underlying disease processes in depression is lacking; therefore, recreating the disease in animal models is not possible. Popular current models of depression creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate animal models of depression and determine which has the best face, construct, and predictive validity. These models differ in the degree to which they produce features that resemble a depressive-like state, and models that include stress exposure are widely used. Paradigms that employ acute or sub-chronic stress exposure include learned helplessness, the forced swimming test, the tail suspension test, maternal deprivation, chronic mild stress, and sleep deprivation, to name but a few, all of which employ relatively short-term exposure to inescapable or uncontrollable stress and can reliably detect antidepressant drug response.