Measurment and evaluation of serum anti p53 antibody levels in patients with lung cancer at its initial presentation

The present study aimed to detect and evaluate anti p53 Ab in patients newly diagnosed lung cancer and its relation to histological type, stage of the disease and response to therapy. For this purpose, 48 lung cancer patients at first presentation. 15 patients proven to have pulmonary disease other than lung cancer and 10 apparently healthy subjects were selected for this study. Ten patients from lung cancer group were followed up after treatment. ELISA procedure was used to detect serum anti p53 antibodies in all subjects. There was statistically insignificant difference between cases with positive and negative anti p53 as regards the mean age and sex. Also percentage of positive anti p53 Ab cases in smokers and those accompanied with pleural effusion were significantly higher than in non smokers and those with no pleural effusion. It was found that 27% of lung cancer patients in this study were anti p53 Ab positive with no cell type difference, as there was no statistical significant difference between different histopathological types as regards the positivity of anti p53 [25% squamous cell carcinoma. 20% adenocarcinoma, 33.3% large cell carcinoma and 25% small cell carcinoma] nor regarding the disease stage. Anti p53 Ab was never detected in association with pulmonary diseases other than carcinoma or in control sera. Ten patients [3 positive for anti p53 and 7 negative] were randomly selected where anti p53 was repeated after 6 months of chemotherapy that led to either partial or complete remission of disease, one of them became negative, the other two positive cases showed reduced titer, in already 7 negative cases before treatment, none of them could find anti p53 Ab after treatment so anti p53 Ab could be a useful tool for oncologists in their attempt to analyze the patient response to therapy

Significance of total and lipid bound sialic acid in serum and urine as markers for bladder cancer

The reliability of serum total sialic acid [TSA], serum lipid bound sialic acid [LSA]. and urinary sialic acid / creatinine ratio [TSA / Cr. ratio] as markers for bladder cancer for grading, staging and follow-up purposes was evaluated in 10 healthy controls and 70 patients with bladder cancer, 25 of them with superficial tumors were evaluated after treatment with TUR for follow up. We found that TSA. LSA and TSA / Cr. ratio levels were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer [56.9 +/- 8.9 mg /dl, 22.3 +/- 2.3 mg /dl and 37.2 +/- 16.1 ug/mg creatinine respectively] than controls [48.8 +/- 7.1 mg/dl, 16.9 +/- 0.6mg /dl and 11.9 +/- 5.1 ug /mg creatinine respectively]. There was no significant difference between grade 1,11 and III also between stage Ta, T1 and T2 and stage T3 and T4 bladder cancer patients regarding LSA and TSA, but there was a significant difference between these grades and stages regarding urinary TSA / Cr. ratio [20.1 +/- 16.1. 40.6 +/- 14.4 and 47.8 +/- 11.9 up / mg creatinine in grade I, II and III respectively and 32.1 +/- 12.1. 46.4 +/- 15.1 ug/mg creatinine in stage Ta. T1 and T2 and stage T3 and T4 respectively]. These findings suggest that TSA and LSA can't be used for grading and staging of bladder cancer patients. but urinary TSA / Cr. ratio can be used for grading and staging of these patients. On comparison of supeificial bladder cancer patients before and after treatment regarding the studied parameters, we found marked drop of urinary TSA/Cr. ratio in post-treatment patients [36.2 +/- 15.1 ug/mg creatinine before treatment versus 17.5 +/- 5.3 ug/mg creatinine after treatment] in contrary with serum TSA and LSA. We conclude that: urine can be used as easily available physiologic fluid for evaluation of TSA / Cr. ratio by an easy, inexpensive, photometeric method as a marker for bladder cancer for grading, staging and follow-up of treatment in patients with bladder cancer