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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(1): 94-101, ene. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-776979

RESUMO

Dementia is an important public health problem due to the complex challenges it poses during the progression of the disease and especially during its end-of-life stage. The aim of this article is to consider the issues that arise from the use of commonly administered therapies in patients with severe dementia. Scenarios where excessive or futile therapeutic interventions might occur are discussed. The article concludes that it is advisable to analyze the clinical criteria and ethical considerations related to the administration of those treatments in order to develop and disseminate better practice guidelines for health professionals.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos , Demência/terapia , Assistência Terminal , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Risco , Nutrição Enteral , Demência/psicologia , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Doença de Alzheimer/terapia
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-660044

RESUMO

Porphyromonas gingivalis es un microorganismo fuertemente asociado con la etiología de la periodontitis. Esta bacteria posee varios factores de virulencia, dentro de los que destacan las gingipaínas, debido a sus múltiples acciones relacionadas con la destrucción de la matriz extracelular del tejido conectivo periodontal, la modulación del sistema inmune del hospedero y la estimulación de la expresión de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias. Estas proteinasas tienen afinidades específicas siendo Arg-gingipaínas (RgpA y RgpB, codificadas por los genes rgpA y rgpB, respectivamente) y Lys-gingipaínas (Kgp, codificada por el gen kgp). Se ha descrito que existen polimorfismos en los genes que codifican para esta proteinasas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la frecuencia de los genotipos identificados para los genes rgpA y kgp en aislados clínicos de P. gingivalis, obtenidos desde pacientes con periodontitis. Para ello se utilizó amplificación por PCR de los genes rgpA y kgp, seguido de análisis de restricción. De un total de 47 aislados provenientes de 4 individuos con periodontitis crónica y 2 con periodontitis agresiva, se genotipificaron 38 aislados para el gen rgpA, exhibiendo la totalidad de éstos el patrón electroforético A (100 por ciento). Para el gen kgp se genotipificaron 43 aislados, presentando 28 de ellos (65.2 por ciento) el perfil electroforético kgp-I y 15 aislados (34.8 por ciento) el perfil kgp-II. En los aislados provenientes de un individuo fue posible apreciar ambos genotipos descritos para el gen kgp. Los resultados indican un predominio del patrón electroforético A (rgpA) y que el genotipo kgp-I fue el más frecuentemente encontrado de los genotipos kgp.


Porphyromonas gingivalis is a microorganism strongly associated with the etiology of periodontitis. This periodontal bacterium possesses an array of virulence factors, among which gingipains have a key importance, being involved with extracellular matrix destruction of periodontal tissues, modulation of host immune response and stimulation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by different types of cells. These proteinases have specific affinities, being Arg-gingipains (RgpA and RgpB, encoded by rgpA and rgpB genes, respectively) and Lys-gingipains (Kgp, encoded by the kgp gene). It has been described that there are polymorphisms in the genes encoding for gingipains. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of rgpA and kgp genotypes in clinical isolates of P. gingivalis obtained from periodontitis patients. For determining the rgpA and kgp genotypes, we used PCR amplification and restriction analysis. From 47 isolates obtained from 4 individuals with chronic periodontitis and 2 subjects with aggressive periodontitis, 38 were typified for rgpA gene and all exhibited the electrophoretic pattern A (100 percent). For kgp gene, we characterized 43 isolates, 28 of them (65.2 percent) with the kgp-I electrophoretic profile and 15 isolates (34.8 percent) with the kgp-II profile. In the isolates belonging to one individual, we found both genotypes of kgp gene. The results indicate a clear predominance of the electrophoretic pattern A (for rgpA gene) and kgp-I genotype was the most frequently found of the kgp genotypes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adesinas Bacterianas/genética , Cisteína Endopeptidases/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Amplificação de Genes , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Periodontite/genética , Periodontite/microbiologia
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