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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(11): 1423-1436, nov. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094172

RESUMO

Background Affordable interventions to improve metabolic control of Type 2-Diabetes Mellitus are increasingly necessary. Aim To review systematically the existing literature on the effects of psychological interventions on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus compensation. Material and Methods We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of psychological interventions implemented for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Research included the following electronic databases: PubMed, Bireme, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, Psychology Database. Results Most studies showed a decrease in the level of glycated hemoglobin after interventions, which applied different initiatives complementary to standard medical treatment. Mainly, these interventions encompassed training for self-monitoring and control of diabetes based on cognitive behavioral psychology, counseling, self-assessment and physical-spiritual work based on transpersonal psychology. Conclusions Psychological tools could be an adjunct to the standard medical treatment for patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, reducing glycated hemoglobin levels and improving self-regulation, disease awareness and adherence from the self-efficacy perception perspective.


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia
2.
Rev. salud pública ; 21(1): 49-55, ene.-feb. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058865

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Explorar la percepción de los stakeholders vinculados al subsistema de protección de la infancia "Chile Crece Contigo" en lo que respecta a su implementación en la comuna de Concepción, Chile. Métodos Estudio cualitativo. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y un focus group como técnicas de recolección de información. Se realizó un muestreo teórico en base a la representación de los niveles de decisión y poder respecto a la implementa-ción de Chile Crece Contigo en la comuna de Concepción. Los datos fueron analizados con el software ATLAS.ti 6.2. Resultados Destacaron como logros la alta valoración de Chile Crece Contigo, junto con, la capacidad de instalar temas tan relevantes como el cuidado de la primera infancia. El aspecto no logrado más importante fue el aprovechamiento de los beneficios entregados y la difusión de la política. El mayor facilitador de la implementación fue el compromiso con el Chile Crece Contigo, mientras la mayor barrera, la situación contractual de los profesionales. Finalmente, como aspectos a mejorar se apuntaron la infraestructura, la articulación de la red Chile Crece Contigo y los recursos asociados a la política. Conclusión La implementación de Chile Crece Contigo en la comuna de Concepción ha alcanzado una alta valoración y reconocimiento en la comunidad, sin embargo, aún se requiere trabajar en el logro de aspectos relacionados con la articulación de los distintos stakeholders que componen la red Chile Crece Contigo, la difusión de la política en todos los niveles y el mejor aprovechamiento de los beneficios entregados a la población.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To explore the perception of stakeholders on the implementation policy of the childhood protection subsystem "Chile Crece Contigo" in the Commune of Concepción, Chile. Materials and Methods Qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group were used as information gathering techniques. A theoretical sampling was carried out based on the representation of decision and power levels with regard to the implementation of Chile Crece Contigo in the Commune of Concepción. The data were analyzed with the ATLAS.ti 6.2 software. Results The most notable achievements highlighted by interviewees were the high valuation of Chile Crece Contigo, along with the possibility of placing relevant subjects such as first childhood care into the agenda. On the contrary, taking advantage of benefits delivered by the program and the dissemination of the policy were deemed as not achieved. The main facilitator of the implementation was the commitment of the beneficiaries to Chile Crece Contigo, while the most important barrier identified was the contract modality of professionals. Finally, aspects to be improved included infrastructure of facilities, the Chile Crece Contigo network articulation and the funds to secure sustainability of the program over time. Conclusion The implementation of Chile Crece Contigo in the Commune of Concepción has achieved high recognition in the community, however, it is still necessary to work on the achievement of aspects related to the articulation of the different stakeholders that make up the Chile Crece Contigo network, the diffusion of politics at all levels, and the best use of the benefits delivered to the population.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Política Pública , Cuidado da Criança/organização & administração , Colaboração Intersetorial , Serviços de Proteção Infantil/organização & administração
3.
Educ. med. super ; 30(4): 349-360, oct.-dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-840240

RESUMO

Introducción: en el marco del proceso de implementación del Modelo por Competencias al cual adscribe la Universidad de Concepción, se consideró relevante el seguimiento y evaluación de las prácticas educativas llevadas a cabo desde una perspectiva que permitiera verificar su adecuación al contexto en que fueron implementadoras. Objetivo: describir la percepción de estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad de Concepción acerca de la implementación de las Macrocompetencias Genéricas. Métodos: investigación evaluativa de abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se aplicó un instrumento de autorreporte de 22 ítems tipo Likert más 3 preguntas abiertas a 86 mujeres y 7 hombres. Para el análisis cuantitativo de los datos se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS 19; para el análisis cualitativo, el software Atlas.ti 6.2. Resultados: el análisis cualitativo mostró una valoración positiva de la metodología y contenidos abordados en la implementación. El análisis cuantitativo mostró una alta aprobación en todas las dimensiones, destacándose Contenido (n = 85; 91,4 por ciento). Conclusiones: las Macrocompetencias Genéricas son valoradas por los estudiantes como insumo para su desarrollo profesional y personal. Sin embargo, se requiere una implementación adaptada a su contexto(AU)


Introduction: In the context of the process for the implementation of the Model by Competences, to which University of Concepción has joined, we considered relevant the follow-up and assessment of the educative practices performed from a perspective that permitted verifying its adaptation to the context in which they were implemented. Objective: Describe the first year students majoring in Obstetrics and Puericulture at University of Concepción's perception about the implementation of the Generic Macro-competences. Methods: Evaluative research of quantitative and qualitative approach. A self-report instrument containing 22 Likert items and other 3 open questions were applied to 86 women and 7 men. For the quantitative analysis of the data, the statistical software SPSS 19 was used; for the qualitative analysis, the software Atlas.ti 6.2 was used. Results: The qualitative analysis showed a positive evaluation of the methodology and contents treated in the implementation. The quantitative analysis showed high approval in all the dimensions, with Content outstanding (n=85; 91.4 percent). Conclusions: The students assess the Generic Macro-competences as an aspect for their professional and personal development. However, a context-adapted implementation is required(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Medicina , Educação Baseada em Competências
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