Comparison of tru-cut biopsy and fine-needle aspiration cytology in an experimental alcoholic liver disease model

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Liver biopsies such as tru-cut (sharp needle) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most commonly preferred techniques to detect the grade and stage of certain liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of USG-guided tru-cut biopsy and fine-needle aspiration cytology in an experimental alcoholic liver disease model. METHODS Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats, 4-6 months old, and weighing from 190 to 250 g, were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six equal groups: G1 (control), G2 (tru-cut control), G3 (FNAC control), G4 (Alcoholic liver disease model), G5 (Alcoholic liver disease model + FNAC), and G6 (Alcoholic liver disease model + tru-cut biopsy). After a histopathological evaluation by light microscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FNAC and tru-cut biopsy for the diagnosis of liver lesions were calculated. RESULTS No pathology was detected in G1 except for mild congestion. On the other hand, hepatocyte damage, periportal inflammation, congestion, and fatty changes were detected in all liver tissues of the alcoholic liver disease groups. The sensitivity of hepatocyte damage, inflammation, congestion, and fatty change parameters for FNAC were 33.3%, 80%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, while the sensitivity of the same variables for tru-cut were 66.7%, 40%, 100%, and 20%, respectively. DISCUSSION Both techniques were superior in some aspects. FNAC can be an attractive alternative to tru-cutbiopsy and applied in routine practice in the diagnosis of non-tumoral liver diseases.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Biópsias hepáticas tais como por agulha tru-cut e por citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) são as técnicas frequentemente preferidas para detectar o grau e o estágio de certas doenças hepáticas. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo foi comparar a eficiência da biopsia com agulha tru-cut guiada por ultrassom e a citologia aspirativa por agulha fina em um modelo experimental de doença hepática alcoólica. MÉTODOS Trinta e seis ratos Wistar albinos fêmeas, de 4 a 6 meses de idade e pesando entre 190 e 250g, foram utilizados neste estudo. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos: G1 (controle), G2 (controle tru-cut), G3 (CAAF), G4 (modelo de doença hepática alcoólica), G5 (modelo de doença hepática alcoólica + CAAF) e G6 (modelo de doença hepática alcoólica + biópsia tru-cut). Após uma avaliação histopatológica por microscopia de luz, foram calculados a sensibilidade, especificidade e os valores preditivos positivos e negativos da CAAF e biópsia por tru-cut para o diagnóstico de lesões hepáticas. RESULTADOS Nenhuma patologia foi detectada no G1, apenas leve congestão. Por outro lado, detectamos danos nos hepatócitos, inflamação periportal, congestão e alterações nos ácidos graxos nos tecidos hepáticos de todos os grupos de doença hepática alcoólica. As sensibilidades encontradas para os danos nos hepatócitos, inflamação, congestão e alterações nos parâmetros de ácidos graxos para a CAAF foram 33,3%, 80%, 0% e 0%, respectivamente, enquanto que as sensibilidades das mesmas variáveis para o método tru-cut foram 66,7%, 40%, 100% e 20%, respectivamente. DISCUSSÃO Ambas as técnicas foram superiores em alguns aspectos. A CAAF pode ser uma alternativa atraente à biópsia por tru-cut e aplicada como prática de rotina no diagnóstico de doenças hepáticas não tumorais.

Pulmonary effects of ozone therapy at different doses combined with antibioticotherapy in experimental sepsis model

Abstract Purpose This experimental sepsis model created with Escherichia coli aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of two different doses of ozone combined with antibiotherapy on lung tissue. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups. Then sepsis was induced intraperitoneally in the first 4 groups. The 1st group was treated with cefepime, the 2nd and 3rd groups were treated with cefepime combined with ozone at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg and 1.1 mg/kg. Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and assessed under light microscope and scored between 0-4 in terms of histopathological findings. Results In the comparisons between Group 1 and Group 4 in terms of cellular damage (p=0.030), inflammation (p=0.000) and overall score (p=0.007), statistically significant positive effects were observed in favor of Group 1. In the comparisons of Groups 2 and 3 with Group 4, only positive effects were observed in terms of inflammation (p=0.020, p=0.012, respectively). Conclusion Although negative histopathological effects of ozone on tissue injury were detected, it was noteworthy that the increase in the ozone dose reduced the number of damaged parameters.

Predictivity of inflammatory cell counts in early diagnosis of hydatidiform mole

Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most frequently encountered disease among gestational trophoblastic diseases. HM can invade myometrium and result in hysterectomy and because of the absence of any predictive method, the disease  can  be lately diagnosed in the periphery. Author aimed to evaluate predictive value of  the inflammatory cell counts in molar pregnancies in this study.Methods: Nineteen (19) cases with histopathologic HM diagnosis and 19 cases of control group with pregnancy termination or abortion material reached to a university hospital's pathology department on the same day were included in the study. The data on the same day or the day before the operation was used as the hemogram data.Results: The mean age of the cases were 33.84±8.477. The mean of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil and eosinophil numbers of the HM group and control group were compared in the 95% confidence interval with the independent t test. No statistical significance was observed in any of the inflammatory cell means  (p>0.05). The ratio of lymphocyte means was statistically significant (p=0.006).Conclusions: In this study, author assessed whether the inflammatory cell counts were a predictive in detecting HM. The statistically significant results that author founded in the means of lymphocyte, suggests that this finding may be predictive of early diagnosis. They concluded that this result can be routinely used after the confirmation of the results in larger series of cases.

A new organ preservation solution for static cold storage of the liver. Amniotic fluid

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of amniotic fluid in liver preservation in organ transplantation, and compare it with standard preservation solutions. Methods: The groups consisted of Group 1: Ringer Lactate (RL) group, Group 2: HTK group, Group 3: UW group, Group 4: AF group. The livers of rats from Group 1, 2, 3, and 4 were perfused and placed into falcon tubes containing RL, HTK, UW, and AF solutions at +4‎°C, respectively. The tubes were stored for 12 hours in the refrigerator at +4°C. Tissue samples were taken at the 6th and 12th hours for histopathological examinations of the perfused livers, and storage solutions for biochemical analyzes at 6th and 12th hours. Results: AF was shown to maintain organ viability by reducing the number of cells undergoing apoptosis. Histopathological changes such as sinusoidal dilatation, hydropic degeneration, and focal necrosis were found to be similar to the groups in which the standard organ preservation solutions were used. Additionally, the results of INOS, IL-10, and TNF-α,which were evaluated immunohistochemically, have been shown to be similar to the UW and HTK groups. Conclusions: AF provided conservation similar to UW and HTK in the 12-hour liver SCS process. The fact that apoptosis values are comparable to standard preservation solutions supports the success of AF in the cold storage of the liver.

An experimental study on the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy

Abstract Purpose: To compare the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ozone preconditioning and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in an experimental rat model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6 for each group). Group I served as control and Group II had only contrast agent, while Group III received NAC and Group IV received intraperitoneal ozone 6 hours before and 6 hours after introduction of contrast agent. Ozone treatment was applied for 5 days after the contrast agent was introduced in Group V. After induction of CIN, groups were compared in terms of serum levels of urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, protein carbonyl, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as degree of renal injury at histopathologic level. Results: Groups II-V displayed more obvious histopathological alterations such as hemorrhage and renal tubular injury compared with Group I. TAC (p=0.043) and creatinine (p=0.046) levels increased significantly in Group II after the intervention. In Group III, protein carbonyl level diminished remarkably (p=0.046), while creatinine level was increased (p=0.046) following the intervention. TAC level was higher in Group IV (p=0.028) and Group V (p=0.026) following the procedure. Conclusion: The N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment may alleviate the biochemical and histopathological deleterious effects of contrast-induced nephropathy via enhancement of total antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress.

Could ozone treatment be a promising alternative for osteomyelitis? an experimental study / O tratamento com ozônio pode ser uma alternativa promissora para a osteomielite? um estudo experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the biochemical and histopathological impact of ozone treatment in an experimental model of osteomyelitis in rats. Methods: A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old, each weighing 300 to 400 g) were randomly allocated into three groups. Group I (n=8) served as a control and received no interventions or medications. In Group II (n=8), osteomyelitis was induced in the femur and no treatment was applied. Group III (n=8) received intraperitoneal ozone treatment for 3 weeks after the formation of osteomyelitis in the femur. Serum samples were taken to assess total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl content (PCO), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Bone specimens obtained from the femur were histopathologically evaluated for inflammation, necrosis, osteomyelitis, and abscess formation. Results: Serum TAC levels were notably higher (p<0.001), while LDH levels were lower (p=0.002) in Group III than Group II. No significant difference was detected between groups with respect to PCO level. Similarly, Group III displayed more favorable histopathological outcomes with respect to osteomyelitis (p=0.008), inflammation (p=0.001), necrosis (p=0.022), and abscess formation (p=0.022). Conclusion: Ozone may be a useful adjunct treatment for osteomyelitis. Further studies in animals and humans are needed to clarify and confirm these preventive effects, understand the underlying pathophysiology, and establish guidelines. Level of Evidence II; Prospective comparative study.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o impacto bioquímico e histopatológico do tratamento de ozônio em modelo experimental de osteomielite em ratos. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratos Sprague-Dawley machos adultos (3 meses de idade, pesando de 300 a 400 g) foram alocados randomicamente em três grupos. O grupo I (n = 8) serviu como controle. No Grupo II (n = 8), o modelo de osteomielite experimental foi induzido no fêmur e não foi aplicado nenhum tratamento. O grupo III (n = 8) recebeu tratamento com ozônio intraperitoneal por 3 semanas depois da formação de osteomielite no fêmur. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliar a capacidade antioxidante total (CAT), a concentração da proteína carbonil (PCO) e da lactato desidrogenase (LDH) no soro. As amostras do fêmur foram avaliadas por histopatologia quanto a inflamação, necrose, osteomielite e formação de abscesso. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de TAC foram notavelmente maiores (p < 0,001), enquanto os níveis de LDH foram menores (p = 0,002) no Grupo III em comparação com o Grupo II. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre os grupos com relação ao nível de PCO. Do mesmo modo, o Grupo III apresentou resultados histopatológicos mais favoráveis para osteomielite (p = 0,008), inflamação (p = 0,001), necrose (p = 0,022) e formação de abscesso (p = 0,022). Conclusão: O ozônio pode ser um tratamento adjuvante útil na osteomielite. Mais estudos com animais e com seres humanos são necessários para esclarecer e confirmar esses efeitos preventivos, compreender a fisiopatologia subjacente e estabelecer diretrizes. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

An experimental study of ascorbic acid effects in acute renal failure under general anesthesia

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the preventive effect of ascorbic acid on sevoflurane-induced acute renal failure in an experimental rat model. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups. Subjects were allocated into 3 groups: Group I received sevoflurane only, whereas Groups II and III had moderate (150 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) doses of AA in addition to sevoflurane, respectively. Rhabdomyolysis and myohemoglobinuric ARF was formed by intramuscular administration of glycerol on the upper hind limb on the 15th minute of inhalation anesthesia. Biochemical parameters consisted of serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and protein carbonyl content. Histopathological variables were tubular necrosis, fibrin, and cast formation. Results: NGAL levels were significantly lower in Group III than Group II and Group I. On the other hand, TAC, PCO, urea and creatinine levels were notably higher in Group I compared with Groups II and III. There was a significant difference between 3 groups on frequencies of acute tubular necrosis (p=0.003), fibrin (p<0.001) and cast (p<0.001). Acute tubular necrosis and fibrin formation were more prominent in Group I. Casts were more common in Groups II and III. Conclusions: The ascorbic acid serve as a prophylactic agent against renal damage in patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia and higher doses were associated with more apparent protective effects.

Effect of ozone and methylprednisolone treatment following crush type sciatic nerve injury

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess and compare the histopathological effects of ozone therapy and/or methylprednisolone (MPS) treatment on regeneration after crush type sciatic nerve injury. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Four groups received the following regimens intraperitoneally every day for 14 days after formation of crush type injury on sciatic nerve: Group I: ozone (20mcg/ml); Group II: methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group III: ozone (20 mcg/ml) and methylprednisolone (2mg/kg); Group IV: isotonic saline (0.9%). The histomorphological evaluation was made after biopsies were obtained from the sites of injury. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between groups in terms of degeneration (p=0.019), nerve sheath cell atrophy (p=0.012), intraneural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p=0.002), perineural granulation tissue formation (p=0.019), perineural vascular proliferation (p=0.004), perineural inflammatory cellular infiltration (p<0.001) and inflammation in peripheral tissue (p=0.006). Degeneration was remarkably low in Group III, while no change in nerve sheath cell was noted in Group II. CONCLUSION: The combined use of methylprednisolone and ozone treatment can have beneficial effects for regeneration after crush type nerve injury.