Relation between behavioral factors, malnutrition and persistent diarrhea in children under two years of age. A hospital study

A high prevalence of behaviors which are related to persistent diarrhea and the prevalence of moderate to severe malnutrition in patients with persistent diarrhea in children. To asses the prevalence of negative behaviors that cause the persistent diarrhea and to asses the prevalence of malnutrition among children with persistent diarrhea and to compare prevalence of malnutrition due to persistent diarrhea to that of national figures. This study was carried out at the Central Teaching Hospital for Children in Baghdad, a total number of 200 cases of persistent diarrhea [lasting more than 14 days] [with no more than 48 hour normal bowel motions in this period] in children less than 2 years of age. The period of the study was one year from the 1st of January 1999 to the thirty-first of December 1999. Information was taken from patient's companions usually the mothers and the patients were selected at inpatient, out patient and Emergency departments in a randomized way. The study showed that the most common age group of persistent diarrhea was the 2[nd] half of the first year constituting [47%] [94/200] of patients with persistent diarrhea. Patients whose mothers were illiterate constituted a high proportion [48%] [96/200]. Patients on bottle or mixed feeding constituted [77%] [144/200]. A high prevalence of some behaviors which is related to persistent diarrhea was noticed like allowing the children to pick up food spilled on the floor and eat it [65%] [130/200], stopping or altering feeding during episodes of diarrhea [78%] [156/200], mothers neglecting washing hands or their babies hands before feeding their children [74%] [148/200] and [66%] [132/200] respectively, failure to introduce solid food in 1st year of life [72.3%] [94/ 130] and failure to eat adult type of food in 2[nd] year of life [65.7%] [46/70]. The prevalence of moderate to severe malnutrition at the three age groups was significantly higher in children with persistent diarrhea in present study compared to general population figures reported by polio immunization national day [PIND] survey at 1999 in Iraq, marasmus was significantly more common in 2[nd] half of the 1[st] year of life and the prevalence of kwashiorkor was significantly higher [15.8%] [11/70] among the older age group [2[nd] year of life]. The most common age group who developed persistent diarrhea was the second half of the first year of life. The negative behaviors of the mothers had a significant effect on the occurrence of persistent diarrhea in children and the development of malnutrition diseases like marsmus and kwashiorkor

Enuresis in childhood a hospital study

Enuresis remains a society-unresolved problem despite avoluminous literature. The cause is not clearly understood and treatment remains controversial To study the prevalence of Nocturnal enuresis in children among different age groups attending Central Teaching Hospital. This study was carried out at Central teaching hospital for children - Baghdad, A total number of 500 children were included in this study, 220 female and 280 male aged 5-13 years who attending the out patient clinic between the first of June and the thirty of September 2003, the parents of these children were asked about the presence and frequency of enuresis. Fifty [22.3%] of female children included in the study were enuretic and 60 [21.4%] of male included in the study] were enuretic, so the total enuretic children was 110 [22%] and non - enuretic number was 390 [78%] taking a minimum frequency of one wet per month. Positive family history was found in [60] 54% of enuretic children, urinary tract infection was fond in [10] 9% of enuretic children mostly females. Spina bifida occulta was detected in 22 [20%] of enuretic children, worm infestation was present in 61 [55%] of enuretic children. Twenty-two [20%] of the families have asked about medical treatment for their children and 11 [50%] of them received short term medical treatment without great benefit. The prevalence of enuresis in the studied children was higher than that reported previously in Iraq