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Background: Selection of anticancer drugs for initiation of chemotherapy is an important determinant of whether thepatient would continue the chemotherapy, switch to another agent, or discontinue after the first course of chemotherapy.Therefore, it is important that attention should be given to the initiating agents, their side effects, and general safetyof the patients.Objectives: This study assessed the utilization of anticancer drugs at the first course of breast and cervical cancerschemotherapies over a 5-year period (2012–2016) in Oncology unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital,Shika, Kaduna State.Methods: This retrospective study audited 1,000 randomly selected folders (100 folders each for breast and cervicalcancer per year), resulting in 500 folders each for breast and cervical cancer patients.Results: Majority (31% vs. 29%) were in the age bracket of 40–49 years for breast and cervical cancers, respectively.About 79% and 97% of the anticancer and antiemetic drugs, respectively, were prescribed by their generic names.The most utilized anticancer drugs for initiation of chemotherapy of 500 patients with breast or cervical cancerwithin the study period for breast versus cervical cancer, respectively, were Cisplatin [1,140 vs. 624 dosage units(DUs)], 5-Fluorouracil (860 vs. 292 DUs), and Paclitaxel (709 vs. 319 DUs). The widely utilized antiemetic agentsfor prevention or management of nausea and vomiting at the initiation of chemotherapy of 500 patients with breast orcervical cancer during the study periods for breast versus cervical cancer, respectively, were Dexamethasone (1,940vs. 1,260 DUs), Metoclopramide (1,220 vs. 320 DUs), and Ondansetron (1,080 vs. 300 DUs).Conclusion: Cisplatin and Dexamethasone were most utilized anticancer and antiemetic drugs, respectively, forinitiation of chemotherapy for both breast and cervical cancers in the studied hospital.
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Background: Selection of anticancer drugs for initiation of chemotherapy is an important determinant of whether thepatient would continue the chemotherapy, switch to another agent, or discontinue after the first course of chemotherapy.Therefore, it is important that attention should be given to the initiating agents, their side effects, and general safetyof the patients.Objectives: This study assessed the utilization of anticancer drugs at the first course of breast and cervical cancerschemotherapies over a 5-year period (2012–2016) in Oncology unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital,Shika, Kaduna State.Methods: This retrospective study audited 1,000 randomly selected folders (100 folders each for breast and cervicalcancer per year), resulting in 500 folders each for breast and cervical cancer patients.Results: Majority (31% vs. 29%) were in the age bracket of 40–49 years for breast and cervical cancers, respectively.About 79% and 97% of the anticancer and antiemetic drugs, respectively, were prescribed by their generic names.The most utilized anticancer drugs for initiation of chemotherapy of 500 patients with breast or cervical cancerwithin the study period for breast versus cervical cancer, respectively, were Cisplatin [1,140 vs. 624 dosage units(DUs)], 5-Fluorouracil (860 vs. 292 DUs), and Paclitaxel (709 vs. 319 DUs). The widely utilized antiemetic agentsfor prevention or management of nausea and vomiting at the initiation of chemotherapy of 500 patients with breast orcervical cancer during the study periods for breast versus cervical cancer, respectively, were Dexamethasone (1,940vs. 1,260 DUs), Metoclopramide (1,220 vs. 320 DUs), and Ondansetron (1,080 vs. 300 DUs).Conclusion: Cisplatin and Dexamethasone were most utilized anticancer and antiemetic drugs, respectively, forinitiation of chemotherapy for both breast and cervical cancers in the studied hospital.
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Introduction: The risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) necessitating dose adjustments or the avoidance of drug combinations. This study aimed to evaluate DDIs among patients with CKD in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, South-East Nigeria.Methods: this study was a retrospective review of patients with CKD who received treatment at the nephrology unit of UNTH between January 2004 and December 2014. The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of the prescribed drugs were classified using the RxList interaction checker. The IBM SPSS Version 21.0 was utilized for statistical analysis with P-value ⤠0.05, considered statistically significant.Results: a total of 749 DDIs were identified from the folders of the 169 patients with CKD that were eligible. Majority were above 50 years old and in stage 4 or 5 CKD. Furosemide,lisinopril and amlodipine were the most frequently prescribed drugs and had the greatest likelihood for nephrotoxicity. The number of medications and hypertension (as co-morbidity) were significant and independent predictors of DDIs among the patients. About 70% of the drug combinations required monitoring as they fell within the "significant category" of the RxList interaction checker. The most common interactions were between lisinopril and furosemide; furosemide and calcium carbonate; lisinopril and calcium carbonate.Conclusion: the prevalence of DDIs was high among the CKD patients. Prescribers and pharmacists in Nigerian hospitals may need to pay close attention to prescriptions of patients with CKD to identify, prevent and resolve undesirable DDIs
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Combinação de Medicamentos , Interações Medicamentosas , Hipertensão , Nigéria , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To investigated the antisecrectory activities of the methanol extract, chloroform fraction and methanol fraction of Picralima nitida seeds.@*METHODS@#The methanol extract of Picralima nitida seeds was fractionated into chloroform fraction and methanol fraction. They were evaluated for antiulcer activity and gastric emptying time in rats using aspirin-pylorus-ligation model.@*RESULTS@#Oral administration of the methanol extract, chloroform fraction and methanol fraction at 1 000 mg/kg reduced gastric ulcer by 56.4%, 40.0% and 56.3%, respectively; and the fractions of the extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced gastric emptying time when compared to the control. Gastric acidity was significantly decreased when compared with saline group, 40.25 mEq/L in methanol extract, 50.0 mEq/L in chloroform fraction 51.25 mEq/L in methanol fraction but had no significant effect on the gastric secretion volume.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings showed that methanol extract, chloroform fraction and methanol fraction of the seeds of Picralima possessed potent antiulcer properties and some antisecretory properties.