Correlation between serum uric acid level and microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetic nephropathy

Objective: To measure the correlation between microalbuminuria and serum uric acid level in Type-2 diabetic nephropathy

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in department of Medicine, Mayo hospital Lahore from August 2014 to February 2015. A total of 200 patients with Type-2 diabetic nephropathy were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and contact details were obtained. Serum Uric acid and microalbuminuria by albumin to creatinine ratio [ACR] in random urine sample was measured at the time of inclusion of patients. All the information was collected through a pre-defined proforma. Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were used to assess correlation and significance respectively

Results: Out of 200 cases, 29%[n=58] were between 16-40 years of age while 71%[n=142] were between 41- 65 years of age, Mean +/- SD was calculated as 48.1+/-10.26 years, 48.5%[n=97] were male and 51.5%[n=103] were females, Mean serum uric acid level was calculated as 6.99+/-1.01 mg/dL while microalbuminuria was calculated as 5.63+/-1.08 mg/mmol, r value was 0.0838 which is a positive correlation

Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that level of serum uric acid and microalbuminuria are significantly correlated to nephropathy in patients having Type-2 diabetes mellitus

Undetected common variable immune deficiency in a young adult of Pakistani descent

Common variable immune deficiency [CVID] is a syndrome which is due to deficiency of humoral immune response resulting in increased susceptibility to infections. We report a case of CVID in a 24-year-old male who presented with a history of recurrent pneumonias

Evans syndrome

It is uncommon, but not rare condition with 'exact frequency unknown. Evans syndrome is a co-existence of simultaneous or sequential direct comb's positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia with immune mediated thrombocytopenia with no known underlying etiology. The typical course is chronic and relapsing and therapy generally progressive and poor

Diabetes mellitus in patients with decompensated liver disease due to hepatitis C

Background: Chronic liver disease is very common in Pakistan and so are its complications. It carries a high mortality and morbidity. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism either due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The major mechanism for diabetes to occur in cirrhotics appears to be insulin resistance which is related to fibrosis score. Liver inflammation or damage of liver may affect the metabolism of insulin

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the percentage of people who develop diabetes mellitus after developing chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C

Method: 100 patients presenting to medical wards of Mayo hospital, Lahore were studied. Patients of chronic liver disease and diabetes mellitus were selected on the basis of history, examination and laboratory investigations which included liver function tests, anti HCV, serum albumin, prothrombin time, abdominal ultrasound, gastroscopy, fasting and random blood sugar levels

Results: It was found that out of 100 selected patients 32 [32%] had diabetes mellitus; 24 were males while 8 were females. All of these patients developed diabetes mellitus after developing cirrhosis due to hepatitis C infection

Conclusion: The principle conclusion of the study was that patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C had significantly higher proportion of diabetes mellitus than general population