Eagle syndrome or foreign body throat?

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition caused by an elongated styloid process or abnormal calcification of the stylohyoid ligament complex. Patients typically present with recurrent throat pain, neck or facial pain, sensation of foreign body in the throat, or even dysphagia. The finding of an elongated styloid process is usually incidental, with patients having no related symptoms. Only patients with symptoms are diagnosed with Eagle syndrome. This condition may be difficult to diagnose due to its rarity and the nonspecific nature of signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is mainly by clinical assessment and confirmation with radiological evidence. We present a unique case of eagle syndrome in a patient who complained of acute neck pain after eating fish.

‘Pai Syndrome’ with anterior alveolar polyp: A variant of a rare clinical entity

@#Pai syndrome is a rare syndrome of unknown cause, comprising a particular variety of congenital developmental malformation with variable phenotypical presentations. It was first reported by Pai et al., in 1987 when it was described in a male new-born as an unusual combination of three rare anomalies, i.e., complete median cleft lip, cutaneous polyps, and developmental midline lipomas of the central nervous system. 1 After that, over sixty similar cases have been reported, although their phenotypic presentations were not very similar, ranging from mild-facial dysmorphism to severe frontonasal dysplasia (FND). The perceived impression about the underlying aetiology goes towards a multifactorial origin. No chromosomal abnormalities have been described in patients with PS on karyotype. Diagnosis of the syndrome is based on clinical signs and associated pathology, the common clinical component being midline facial skin masses. Minimum diagnostic criteria as suggested by Castori et al. 2 and Lederer et al. 3 , one or more hamartomatous nasal polyps plus median cleft lip (with or without cleft alveolus), and/or alveolar process congenital polyp, and/or pericallosal lipoma. Pericallosal lipoma is a common finding (85%) in this syndrome which is frequently associated with various degrees of intracerebral malformations such as agenesis or dysgenesis of corpus callosum. 3 Most of the cases of PS have been diagnosed postnatally after birth. Typically, the condition is still not found to have any negative impact on psychoneurological development. In a recent report of an 8-year-long follow-up case, Imai et al., observed some attention-deficit disorder, but its definite relationship with the syndrome is yet to be confirmed. 4