Reduction of urinary stone in children from north-eastern Thailand.

Bladder stones in children have decreased now compared with the previous decade. If we promote good nutrition for children, bladder stones will decrease and might be eradicated in the future. A seminar of doctors and health personnel from 19 hospitals in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand was conducted to survey bladder stones in children by weighting and interviewing bladder stone symptoms then giving supplementary diet milk and vitamins and teaching health education about nutrition and urinary stones through referring children with bladder stones to hospitals in north-eastern Thailand for surgery. The findings of the stone patients from October 1995 to June 1996 from hospitals in northern Thailand were: Total number of patients was 6671 of which 287 patients (4.3%) were 10 years old or younger. Of these children there were 135 renal stone operations (2.0%), 29 ureteric stone operations (0.4%), 106 bladder stone operations (1.6%) and 17 urethral stone operations (0.3%). There were 6384 patients aged more than 10 years. (95.7%) The total number of operations was 5373.

Study urinary stone in Buri Ram province by portable ultrasound.

Prevalent rate of urinary stone surveyed by ultrasound in 15 district hospitals of Buri Ram Province was 3.1 per cent. The positive predictive value compared with X-rays plain KUB was 75 per cent.

A study of the prevalence of urinary stone in amphur maung and ging amphur huarat using portable ultrasound.

A study of patients suffering from urinary stone was undertaken at Nonkang health center in Amphur Maung and at Huarat health center in Ging Amphur Huarat using portable ultrasound equipment. The prevalence rate of Amphur Maung was 4.9% and Ging Amphur Huarat was 6.2%. The total prevalence rate was 5.5. Among the 458 cases surveyed by ultrasound, 25 patients were found to have urinary stones. The accuracy when compared with X-rays of both health centers was 56%. Of the 25 patients with urinary stones the findings are as follows: Right renal stone 12 patients (48%), left renal stone 7 patients (28%), bilateral renal stone 5 patients (20%), vesical stone 1 patient (4%). The most common age group was 41-50 year olds 8 patients (32%). There were 16 males (64%) and 9 females (36%). Male to female ratio was 1.8 :1. The patients spoke mother tongues were Thai 1 patient (4%), Lao 12 patients (48%), Cambodian 11 patients (44%), Suay 1 patient (4%). The most common education level of the patients was primary school (72%). The most common occopation was farming (88%). The most common symptom was low back pain (68%). The most common type of rice that the patients ate was Kao Chao (56%). The patients ate a low of vegetables (64%). The meat the patients ate most often was pork (40%). The type of water that the patients drank regulary was rain water (92%). The most common amount of water that the patients drank was 2,000-3,000 CC.perday (32%).

Epidemiological study of urinary stones based on operative theater data at regional hospitals and general hospitals of public health region-5, Thailand.

A prospective descriptive study of urinary stone patients based on operative theater data of one regional hospital: Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital and four general hospitals: Chaiyaphum Hospital, Buriram Hospital, Si Saket Hospital, Surin Hospital of the public health region-5 Thailand from October 1992 to June 1993 a duration of nine months was carried out. There were 468 patients (42.7%) from Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, 111 patients (10.1%) from Chaiyaphum Hospital, 123 patients (11.2%) from Buriram Hospital, 240 patients (21.9%) from Si Saket Hospital and 155 patients (14.1%) from Surin Hospital. There were 40 patients (3.65%) aged 15 years old or younger and 1,057 patients (96.35%) aged more than 15 years old. 711 patients (64.8%) had renal calculi, 171 patients (15.6%) had ureteral calculi. 190 patients (17.3%) had vesical calculi and 25 patients (2.3%) had urethral calculi. Surgical procedure: Stones were surgically removed -664 patients (60.5%). Nephrectomy -119 patients (10.9%). Basket removed stones -5 patients (0.4%). Cystolitholapaxy -95 patients (8.7%) and ESWL -214 patients (19.5%).